互联网技术对于社会公共性的作用究竟是正向的还是负向的,网络乐观主义和悲观主义都有其各自的解释,然而却鲜有实证研究支撑。在对公共性概念进行操作化的基础上,本文通过结构方程模型分析了经济社会地位、信息地位和媒介事件认知、媒介信任评价、媒介素养水平之间的结构化关系。研究发现,个体的信息地位是其经济社会地位与网络认知态度间的中介变量;信息地位越高,媒介事件认知越低,媒介素养水平越高;与此同时,媒介事件认知作为信息地位和媒介信任评价的中介变量,媒介事件认知程度越高,媒介信任评价越低。最后,本文从重新思考社会结构、个体社会政治参与、网络社会价值判断三个方面对研究发现进行了讨论,提出"公共理解"和"公共交往"的矛盾性悖论构成了网络社会公共性的重要命题。

Emojis have become more and more popular in text-based online communication to express emotions. This indicates a potential to utilize emojis in sentiment analysis and emotion measurements. However, many factors could affect people’s emoji usage and need to be examined. Among them, age, gender, and relationship types may result in different interpretations of the same emoji due to the ambiguity of the iconic expression. In this paper, we aim to explore how these factors may affect the frequency, type, and sentiment of people’s emoji usage in communications. After analyzing 6,821 Wechat chatting messages from 158 participants, we found people between 26–35 had lowest frequency of emoji usage; younger and elder groups showed different sentiment levels for the same emojis; people chose emoji types based on relationships. These findings shed light on how people use emojis as a communication tool.