基于中国普遍存在的对男孩的性别偏好,本文采用所生育小孩的性别作为妇女家庭地位和议价能力的度量指标,研究该指标对家庭内部资源分配及后果的影响。中国健康营养调查数据中有关家庭耐用品消费决策的信息表明,第一胎性别对妇女在家庭中的地位有重要作用。本文发现,当妇女的家庭地位随着生育男孩而提高后,家庭中食物支出份额会增加,该妇女营养摄入增加,而她的身体健康状况会变好。

Based on the prevalent son preference in China, this paper proposes a new measure of relative bargaining power within the household. Using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey, we show that a woman with a first-born son has a 3.9 percentage points' greater role in household decision-making than a woman with a first-born daughter Having a first-horn son improves the mother's nutrition intakes and reduces her likelihood of being underweight. While thinking of these impacts as being channeled through intrahousehold bargaining power we cannot fully rule out other possible direct effects of a first-born son on the outcomes.

China operated an urbanization policy by which counties could be given city status between 1983 and 1997. The policy had substantial impacts on the new administrative entities, including more discretionary power and fiscal independence. Such "county-to-city upgrading" provided the central government with an instrument to reward localities. Using a large dataset covering all counties during 1993-1997. I show that upgrading is not an automatic procedure that endorses the high urbanization levels in existing counties. Although official guidelines for upgrading counties to cities were published, these requirements were largely ignored in practice. Instead, economic growth rate was the key factor in determining which counties obtained city status. This paper interprets the creation of county-level cities through upgrading as part of the incentive structure of Chinese local officials. The importance of both fiscal and political incentives facing the local government in promoting economic growth is highlighted.

本文基于Soares(2005)的模型,导出婴儿死亡率和成年人预期寿命对人力资本积累以及最后对经济增长的影响效果,然后用跨国数据对模型的预测进行验证。本文模型的独特之处在于区分了成年人对小孩和对成年人自己的人力资本投资,揭示了成年人寿命增加对经济行为的影响的作用机制。在实证检验中,本文除了采用地理、气候等指标作为工具变量外,还独创性的利用因为实施大范围免疫计划的时间不同而产生的外生的免疫率的国别差异来解决健康的内生性问题。本文的结论对中国和发展中国家经济增长中健康的重要作用具有启发意义。

农村金融可以刺激投资、创业、技术进步和移民,这些都是农村发展、消除贫困最有力的因素。土地和房屋是农民最重要的资产,其抵押功能成为发展农村金融的关键。理论上需要撇清的,是区分集体土地的保障功能和财产功能。长期以来,关于

在发展经济学中,农村金融的功能早已被提升到农村发展的核心地位。对许多发展中国家的研究表明,包括土地抵押融资、小额信贷在内的农村金融,可以刺激投资、创业、技术进步和移民,而这些都是农村发展、消除贫困最有力的因素。土地和房屋是农民最

中国土地制度改革一直是社会关注的焦点。在部分地方政府债务风险暴露后,农村土地制度改革更是事关地方政府的"土地财政"和"土地金融"行为。李力行教授代表国发院土地制度改革综合课题组,借助成都土地改革的最新进展,说明土地制度改革可能是解决政府主导经济、地方政府深陷于债务问题的根本出路。