科研成果 by Year: 2021

A highly solar active nanocomposite with sheet-like WO3 skeleton and evenly loaded TiO2 and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was synthesized by facile hydrothermal-calcining process, which showed 3.1- and 46.6- times activity on antibiotic (cephalexin) degradation than TiO2 and WO3, respectively. The construction of TiO2/WO3 heterojunction narrowed the band gap and facilitated the electrons-holes separation. The π conjugated CQDs was found to further improve the charge separation and extend the visible light response by photosensitization. However, the promoted charge separation predominantly contributed to the improved photocatalytic activity. The contributions of detected reactive species follows the order of: O2–>1O2>OH>h+. The cephalexin degradation mechanism and pathway were proposed based on DFT (density functional theory) calculation and experimental analysis. The photocatalytic mineralization efficiency can reach 92.4% in 4 h, indicating the efficient reduction of ecotoxicity of cephalexin and its intermediates. This new composite proved to have great potentials for emerging contaminants degradation in water.

Over the past years, perylenediimide (PDI)-based polymers have emerged as one of the widely studied polymer acceptors applicable to all-polymer solar cells (PSCs) due to their outstanding photovoltaic properties. Covalently fused PDI units, such as naphthodiperylenetetraimide (NDP), are proven beneficial to increasing the regularity of polymer backbones and enhancing the molecular packing in blend films, thus optimizing the active-layer morphology and improving the device performance. However, most investigated PDI polymers commonly demonstrated low open-circuit voltage (V-oc) in solar cells due to their low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), which greatly limited the power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of their devices. Herein, we design and synthesize two new polymer acceptors (PTP-TT and PTP-Th) using thiophene-fused dimeric PDI (i.e., PTP) as the key building block. Both polymers exhibit much elevated LUMO levels at ca. -3.8 eV and achieve higher V-oc in devices compared with NDP-derived polymers. In particular, PTP-TT exhibits stronger light-absorption ability than PTP-Th and a presumably more planar backbone conformation, which are favorable for molecular packing and charge carrier transport in the active layer. Using PTB7-Th as the donor, PTP-TT-based devices achieve the best PCE of 7.04%, with a V-oc of 0.86 V, a short-circuit current density of 14.96 mA/cm(2), and a fill factor of 54%. The current results demonstrate that fusing PDIs with a proper electron-rich moiety can synergistically elevate the LUMO level and optimize the backbone regularity of polymer acceptors to obtain desirable efficiencies of PSCs.

Predicting spatial patterns in thermal tolerance and vulnerability of species under climate warming remains a challenge. Current knowledge is mainly from experiment-based thermal physiology of limited numbers of ectotherms, yet large-scale evaluations on plants remain elusive. Here, using distribution maps with spatial resolutions of 20 × 20 km for 5628 woody species in China, we propose a novel approach, i.e. thermal distribution curves, to describe species' realized thermal niches and then estimate their thermal tolerance and warming risks under projected climate warming in 2050s and 2070s. We find that species' vulnerability and potential local extinction risks within grid cells decrease with latitude and increase with aridity due to narrow thermal tolerance of species located at low latitudes and arid regions. Over 90% of species could still tolerate future warming in most areas, indicating relatively optimistic expectation of potential local extinctions. Our study presents a new framework to quantify climate warming impacts on a large number of species without sufficient physiological information and provides fundamental references for conservation planning under climate change.

Past decades have witnessed the extension of the Wi-Fi signals as a useful tool sensing human activities. One common assumption behind it is that there is a one-to-one mapping between human activities and Wi-Fi received signal patterns. However, this assumption does not hold when the user conducts activities in different locations and orientations. Actually, the received signal patterns of the same activity would become inconsistent when the relative location and orientation of the user with respect to transceivers change, leading to unstable sensing performance. This problem is known as the position-dependent problem, hindering the actual deployment of Wi-Fi-based sensing applications. In this paper, to tackle this fundamental problem, we develop a new position-independent sensing strategy and use gesture recognition as an application example to demonstrate its effectiveness. The key idea is to shift our observation from the traditional transceiver view to the hand-oriented view, and extract features that are irrespective of position-specific factors. Following the strategy, we design a position-independent feature, denoted as Motion Navigation Primitive(MNP). MNP captures the pattern of moving direction changes of the hand, which shares consistent patterns when the user performs the same gesture with different position-specific factors. By analyzing the pattern of MNP, we convert gestures into sequences of strokes (e.g, line, arc and corner) which makes them easy to be recognized. We build a prototype WiFi gesture recognition system, i.e., WiGesture to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Experiments show that our system can outperform the start-of-arts significantly in different settings. Given its novelty and superiority, we believe the proposed method symbolizes a major step towards gesture recognition and would inspire other solutions to position-independent activity recognition in the future.

Koinon assemblies during the Principate were occasions when member communities dispatch delegations to gather at specifically designated cities, where they elect koinon officers and deliberate a range of affairs –– chiefly among which were festivities and sacrifices that honored the Roman emperors and the local cultic and civic traditions, but also revenues and expenditures, administrative tasks delegated by the imperial government, among others (Deininger 1965: 137-147; Edelmann-Singer 2015: 193-248, 309-310). Much has been discussed regarding the institutional aspects of the koinon assemblies; what could benefit from more discussion is the act of traveling to koinon assemblies. This paper assembles a small number of literary and epigraphic references that provide circumstantial references to koinon assembly-related travel anecdotes. Of particular importance among these are Strabo's description of the gathering of delegates from Lycian cities to the koinon meeting each year (Strab. 13.3.3), Aelius Aristides' account of the city of Smyrna's manipulative nomination of him as a candidate for the high priest of Asia (Ael. Arist. Hieroi Logoi 4.99-104), and the inscription honoring Quintus Popilius Python's gift to attendees of the koinon assembly while serving as the high priest of the Macedonian koinon (EKM 117). By assembling these and other evidence, this paper wishes to suggest that koinon assemblies were compulsory events that each member community would have to participate in, often at their own expense. Wealthy koinon-officeholders may opt to offset the burdens that communities (or their designated representatives) would have to shoulder in dispatching delegation, and such benefaction may be viewed from the perspective of a soft mobilization of the provincial elites in order to facilitate the orderly execution of business in the interest of the public weal.