科研成果 by Type: Book Chapter

Both developed and developing countries have seen a proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in recent years. As digital transformation has influenced almost every aspect of everyday life, including interpersonal communication, information seeking and sharing, e-commerce, and entertainment, the dichotomy between online and offline has become less distinct compared to the early years of internet development. These routine practices on the internet, nevertheless, are fundamental to understanding the impact of digital technologies on society. It is, therefore, important for social scientists to theorise and scrutinise how the internet has influenced the routine and mundane lives. To date, social scientists from multiple disciplines, including sociology, political science, communication and information science, have studied how the internet has influenced the society and economy. These include the roles of the internet in establishing and maintaining social networks, mobilising social movements, and revolutionising labour markets. However, little research has addressed the impact of the internet in the everyday lives of its users. In this chapter, I will start with reviewing theoretical frameworks from different fields that focus on the impact of the internet on daily practices, to understand the profound influence of digital technologies in everyday contexts. In particular, I will discuss how the study of everyday life information seeking (information science), domestication theory (communication science), and digital divides (sociology) contribute to the theorisation of daily uses of the internet. I will summarise empirical studies that apply these theoretical frameworks in exploring the adoption and use of ICTs in daily practices. The overview and reflection of theories and empirical studies across different social science fields will provide a comprehensive picture of the role of the internet on everyday lives, as well as point out future directions for the study of the embeddedness of the internet in people’s daily lives.

As the Buddhist community in China carried forth the Buddhist yogic traditions into the modern era, a new form of yoga was imported to China via the West as the intermediary in a global network of knowledge transmission with metropolitan port cities like Shanghai as its enclaves. By examining newspapers, archives, and books published in the first half of the twentieth century, this chapter recollects the largely forgotten early history of yoga in modern China. Buddhist scholar Liu Renhang, with his translation of Japanese scholar Kaiten Nukariya’s study of yoga in North America, was the first to introduce yoga as a remedy for the nation, then suffering from endless warfare. The theosophist Hari Prasad Shastri lectured on yoga and established a yoga study group called “Holy Yoga”. The first teacher to offer yoga classes regularly in China was Eugenia Peterson, later known as Indra Devi, and her assistant Michael Volin. They successfully enlisted hundreds of pupils, many of whom were Westerners living in Shanghai. However, with the demise of the Shanghai concessions, the spread of yoga in modern China halted abruptly before it was incorporated into the everyday life of ordinary Chinese people.

发展政治学作为一门现代社会科学学科，其兴起和发展离不开关注政治发展的学者们的共同努力。本章介绍十五位代表性学者，这些选择是兼顾了平衡性的结果。值得关注的是，发展政治学的代表学者中不仅有政治学者，也不乏经济学者、社会学者和历史学者。政治学以外的相关学科领域与政治学的互动与交融共同推进了发展政治学研究。

对发展政治学这样一门尚在不断发展中的学科而言，其研究深度和广度的拓展离不开对核心概念、经典议题及研究范式的把握。前辈学者在开创和探索的过程中已然渐次铺展开一幅发展政治学的“学科地图”，而作为其思想凝练的产物, 经典著作为发展政治学的研究者提供了参考和超越的“地标”。有鉴于此，在兼顾和平衡学科内不同研究问题、方法和范式的基础上，本章介绍在发展政治学领域具有代表性的经典著作。

As typical titanium nanomaterials, TiO2 and titanate nanotubes (TNTs) are extensively used. Although the toxicity of nano-TiO2 under solar light has been investigated, it is not enough to evaluate its environmental toxicity because the dark environment is also important in the natural environment. In addition, little is known about the environmental toxicity and mechanism of the emerging TNTs. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of nano-TiO2 and TNTs based on the inactivation performance on Escherichia coli cells under simulated solar light and in a dark chamber, and their toxicity mechanisms were explored on a subcellular level. The inactivation performance was: nano-TiO2-solar (100.0%) > TNTs-solar (62.7%) > TNTs-dark (36.6%) > TiO2-dark (0.5%). The excellent inactivation performance of nano-TiO2 under solar light is caused by the large amount of active free radicals attacking cell organelles until peroxidation and death, which is due to the strong photocatalytic properties. The lower inactivation ability of nano-TiO2 in the dark was due to the absence of radicals and its accessible physical morphology. For TNTs, the inactivation ability under solar light is derived from a combination of its weak photocatalytic performance and morphological effects, and TNTs in a dark environment can only attack cells via physical piercing.

Titanate nanotubes (TNTs), derived from TiO2 nanoparticles through hydrothermal treatment, have been attracting intensive research interests in recent years. Unlike the precursor TiO2 nanoparticles that have high photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light, TNTs exhibit multi-layered and tubular structures. In addition, TNTs are composed of corrugated ribbons of edge-sharing [TiO6] octahedrons as the skeleton and H+/Na+ are located in the interlayers. Thus, TNTs usually have uniform tubular microstructures, large specific surface area, abundant functional groups (–ONa/–OH), good ion-exchange properties, high solution stability and high photoelectric quantum conversion effects. The specific physicochemical properties of TNTs indicate their great application potential in water and wastewater treatment. This chapter provides an overview of the latest research on the environmental applications and implications of TNTs. Conventional methods for the synthesis and characterization of TNTs are also summarized. TNTs and modified TNTs used as adsorbents, photocatalysts and catalysts for peroxymonosulfate/peroxydisulfate activation are systematically discussed. The environmental behaviors of aggregation and sedimentation of TNTs in water are also described.

This article reviews Chinese academic papers from the past 20 years to investigate the digital literacy of normal students of pedagogical faculties. The main body of the article concerns “student literacy, to teacher literacy, then to normal student literacy”; regarding the theme, the context is “from digital literacy, to information literacy, then to digital information teaching ability.” Under the guidance of the Chinese education administration, the digital literacy of Chinese normal students has gradually taken on the Chinese characteristics of being practice-oriented and ability-oriented. The findings of this article are as follows: (1) In terms of research trends, the digital literacy of normal students has increased overall. This has depended on the gradual in-depth understanding of its value to the academic world, which promotes in-depth academic research while also focusing on clear and continuous policy planning. (2) In terms of research themes, the digital literacy of normal students is biased toward practice and training, and there is less research on the development of digital teaching ability in specific subjects. (3) In terms of research methods, qualitative research is still the mainstream method, but increasingly, quantitative research, including surveys, is used. (4) In terms of research results, based on the current survey report data, the digital practice ability of Chinese normal students still needs improvement. The current research has indicated the direction for the future academic community and also proposed requirements for policy researchers and makers.

This chapter investigates China's recent higher education reform by developing applied education to addressing the issue of underemployment and unemployment of college graduates. Reviewing China's highly segmented labor market and the growth of flexible employment, we suggest that the negative effect of overeducation is mainly on those college graduates employed in the informal sector. Our analysis identifies a restructuring process of HE system aiming to break down the homogeneity among the elite and non-elite universities by making a dual process of differentiation. We conclude that it is difficult to achieve the ``parity of esteem'' between academic and applied education within a steeply stratified HE system and suggest that the relationship between HE system and cooperate employers deserves an in-depth investigation to turn around the fortunes of graduates from lower-tier universities.

Indoor air is a complicated matrix. There are various volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) such as formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, and xylene in indoor air. They are of low concentration and have different polarities. This chapter first introduces the sampling methods, sample treatment, and analysis of VVOCs (mainly carbonyls and ketones) in indoor air. The 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine (DNPH) derivatization – high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method – is the most commonly used for the determination of VVOCs. Then four sampling methods for VOCs, including active sampling, passive sampling, whole-air sampling, and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), are introduced. Thermal desorption and solvent extraction are two commonly used methods to pretreat the samples for further analysis. GC combined with MS, FID, ECD, or BID is frequently used for the VVOCs, VOCs, quantitation.