科研成果

Solar power is vital for China's future energy pathways to achieve the goal of 2060 carbon neutrality. Previous studies have suggested that China's solar energy resource potential surpass the projected nationwide power demand in 2060, yet the uncertainty quantification and cost competitiveness of such resource potential are less studied. Therefore, we applied an integrated framework to simulate China's solar photovoltaic (PV) technical potential, and incorporated potential uncertainty stemming from climate change, land use dynamics, and technological advancements. In addition, we constructed the solar energy supply curve for each province and calculated the economic potential. According to our results, approximately 78.6 % and 99.9 % of China's technical solar PV potential are priced lower than the benchmark price of coal-fired energy in pessimistic and optimistic scenario. These findings highlight the significant technical and economic potential of solar PV as a cost-effective alternative to coal-fired electricity to meet China's growing electricity demands.

Wetlands are major microplastic sinks with a large atmospheric input. However, many details of such deposited atmospheric microplastics entering into wetlands remain unclear, including temporal patterns of input and ecological effects. We monitored the aerial microplastics during four seasons in eleven economically developed cities along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, China. The average microplastic deposition rate was 512.31 items m−2 d−1, equivalent to an annual contribution of 17.46 metric tons of plastic to the surveyed wetlands with a total area of 1652 km2. These microplastics were predominantly composed of polyamide and polyethylene terephthalate with 61.85 ± 92.29 µm sized pellets, and we obtained similar results for microplastics intercepted on moss in wetlands. Microplastic input varied between wet and dry periods, primarily influenced by wind, rainfall and ozone concentration. Civilian vehicle density and textile industry were the primary socioeconomic factors driving microplastic deposition. Further indoor microcosm experiments revealed that moss phyllosphere bacterial community structure and function were influenced by microplastic abundance and size, exemplifying the unique ecological risks of aerially deposited microplastics to wetlands. These results indicate that mosses and their phyllosphere microbiota could serve as bio-indicators of aerial microplastic characteristics and impacts.

Sound field reproduction with undistorted sound quality and precise spatial localization is desirable for automotiveaudio systems. However, the complexity of the automotive cabin acoustic environment often necessitates a trade-offbetween sound quality and spatial accuracy. To overcome this limitation, we propose Spatial Power Map Net, alearning-based sound field reproduction method that improves both sound quality and spatial localization in complexenvironments. We introduce a spatial power map constraint, which characterizes the angular energy distribution ofthe reproduced field using beamforming. This constraint guides energy toward the intended direction to enhance spatiallocalization, and is integrated into a multi-channel equalization framework to also improve sound quality underreverberant conditions. To address the resulting non-convexity, deep optimization that uses neural networks to solveoptimization problems is employed for filter design. Both in situ objective and subjective evaluations confirm thatour method enhances sound quality and improves spatial localization within the automotive cabin. Furthermore, weanalyze the influence of different audio materials and the arrival angles of the virtual sound source in the reproducedsound field, investigating the potential underlying factors affecting these results.

Swimming in fish arises from tightly integrated neural, muscular, skeletal, and hydrodynamic processes that are difficult to capture in compact, transferable models for robotics. An interpretable system identification (SySID) is presented that bidirectionally maps between electromyography (EMG) and kinematics in freely swimming koi and further tests its generalization to a robotic fish. Synchronized EMG and kinematic are collected across laminar, Kármán vortex, and reverse Kármán vortex flows spanning 0.146–0.274 m s−1. A linear autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX) model architecture is chosen to capture both feedforward (EMG to kinematics) and feedback (kinematics to EMG) pathways, enabling the extraction of key system parameters, such as natural frequency, damping ratio, and input–output delays. Cross-individual validation demonstrates robust performance and identifies the best-performing fish-trained model, which is then evaluated for cross-domain transfer by replacing EMG input with processed pulse width modulation actuation signals from a robotic fish. Despite differences in mechanics and actuation physics, predictions closely match measured trajectories (mean R2 = 0.86 ± 0.13), substantially outperforming a deep neural network (97.8% higher percentage fit index) trained on the same biological datasets. These findings show that compact, interpretable SySID models enable accurate bio-to-robot transfer without robot-specific retraining, grounding robotic motion models directly in biological function rather than imitation.

Sunlight-driven photosynthesis by covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from water and air without using sacrificial reagents is a promising H2O2 fabrication approach, but is still restricted by the insufficient charge separation and sluggish 2e- water oxidation process. Herein, we provide a facile strategy to simultaneously improve charge separation and water oxidation in COFs via confining the charge transfer pathways from two diversion ones to a confluence one through regulating the site of nitrogen in bipyridine. Combining in-situ characterization with computational calculations, we reveal that compared to COF-BD1 containing two diversion charge transfer pathways, the charge transfer pathway in COF-BD2 is confined to a confluence one due to the electron-deficiency effect of nitrogen, which greatly accelerates the intermolecular and out-of-plane charge transfer. Via effectively reducing the energy barrier of rate-determining water oxidation reaction, the subsequent water oxidation process to produce key *OH intermediate in COF-BD2 is also greatly facilitated, boosting the yield of H2O2 (5211 μmol g-1 h-1) from water, oxygen, and light without sacrificial agents or additional energy consumption. We further demonstrate that H2O2 can be efficiently produced by COF-BD2 in broad pH range, in real water, and in enlarged reactor with using natural sunlight for water decontamination.

Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study examines the impact of art education on Chinese citizens’ trust in Americans. We find that participation in art tutorials correlates with increased trust towards Americans, with the level of trust rising with time spent in art education. Further analysis indicates that this effect is more pronounced in males and individuals whose parents already hold positive views of Americans. These results highlight the role of art education in fostering intercultural understanding. The study contributes to the literature on trust formation and the effects of art education, underscoring the significance of cultural engagement in promoting cross-cultural trust in global relations.

Addressing poverty is paramount, aligning with the first Sustainable Development Goal focused on eradicating poverty in all its forms. While the effects of high-speed rail (HSR) on absolute poverty have been documented, its impact on relative poverty remains understudied. This paper examines the influence of HSR on household relative poverty in China through a quasi-experimental design. The main results are as follows: (1) The opening of HSR significantly reduced the household relative poverty by approximately 1.8 %. (2) This alleviation effect primarily transpires through the expansion of economic activities and employment opportunities. (3) Notably, the impact of HSR is more pronounced in lower-ranked, smaller cities and in the western regions of China. Moreover, households with migrant workers or those engaged in non-agricultural sectors derive greater benefits from HSR developments. Our results suggest that HSR opening could have contributed to China’s relative poverty alleviation. Policymakers can consider the role of transportation infrastructure in mitigating household relative poverty, especially for low rank cities, small cities and periphery regions in other developing countries.