科研成果 by Year: 2013

2013
郑玫, 张延君, 闫才青, 付怀于, 牛红亚, 黄昆, 胡敏, 曾立民, 刘启贞, 裴冰, et al. 上海PM_(2.5)工业源谱的建立. 中国环境科学. 2013;(08):1354-1359.Abstract
总结统计了我国目前的PM2.5源成分谱,指出我国本土源谱缺乏的现状.我国主要的污染源类如燃煤源、机动车源、道路尘、生物质燃烧源等,在源解析工作中均有借鉴外来源谱的情况.对上海典型工业污染源进行PM2.5源谱测定.研究发现,混合燃料电厂和燃煤电厂主要化学组分相似,但是Ca、Al、Fe在混合燃料电厂排放中贡献更大,Ca占(8.0±4.7)%,而燃煤电厂排放颗粒物中SO42-的贡献可达(23.3%±3.7%).烧结厂和电炉厂的源谱差距较大,烧结厂中SO42-(22.8%±10.0%)、Cl-(20.0%±4.5%)、K(17.2%±8.5%)、OC(13.0%±11.5%)、Ca(12.7%±4.2%)等物种贡献较大,而电炉厂中Fe(38.2%±0.6%)、Zn(10.4%±1.2%)等物种含量丰富.不同源类化学组分的显著差异与其工艺过程紧密相关.
Balachandran S*, Pachon JE, Lee S, Oakes MM, Rastogi N, Shi W, Tagaris E, Yan B, Davis A, Zhang X, et al. Particulate and gas sampling of prescribed fires in South Georgia, USA. Atmospheric Environment [Internet]. 2013;81:125 - 135. LINKAbstract
Gaseous and particulate species from two prescribed fires were sampled in-situ, to better characterize prescribed burn emissions. Measurements included gaseous and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) species, particle number concentration, particulate organic carbon (POC) speciation, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water-soluble iron. Major PM2.5 components included OC (∼57%), EC (∼10%), chloride (∼1.6%), potassium (∼0.7%) and nitrate (∼0.9%). Major gaseous species include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, methanol and ethylene. Particulate organic tracers of biomass burning, such as levoglucosan, dehydroabietic acid and retene, increased significantly during the burns. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) also increased significantly during the fire and levels are highly correlated with total potassium (K) (R2 = 0.93) and levoglucosan (R2 = 0.98). The average WSOC/OC ratio was 0.51 ± 0.03 and did not change significantly from background levels. Thus, the WSOC/OC ratio may not be a good indicator of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in regions that are expected to be impacted by biomass burning. Results using a biomass burning source profile derived from this work further indicate that source apportionment is sensitive to levels of potassium in biomass burning source profiles. This underscores the importance of quantifying local biomass burning source profiles.
Feng J*, Li M, Zhang P, Gong S, Zhong M, Wu M, Zheng M*, Chen C, Wang H, Lou S. Investigation of the sources and seasonal variations of secondary organic aerosols in PM2.5 in Shanghai with organic tracers. Atmospheric Environment [Internet]. 2013;79:614 - 622. LINK