摘要:

This review provides a comprehensive account of what is known presently about Amazonian aerosol particles and concludes by formulating outlook and priorities for further research. The review is organized to follow the life cycle of Amazonian aerosol particles. It begins with a discussion of the primary and secondary sources relevant to the Amazonian particle burden, followed by a presentation of the particle properties that characterize the mixed populations present over the Amazon Basin at different times and places. These properties include number and mass concentrations and distributions, chemical composition, hygroscopicity, and cloud nucleation ability. The review presents Amazonian aerosol particles in the context of natural compared to anthropogenic sources as well as variability with season and meteorology. This review is intended to facilitate an understanding of the current state of knowledge on Amazonian aerosol particles specifically and tropical continental aerosol particles in general and thereby to enhance future research in this area.

附注:

ISI Document Delivery No.: 585NETimes Cited: 4Cited Reference Count: 229Martin, Scot T. Andreae, Meinrat O. Artaxo, Paulo Baumgardner, Darrel Chen, Qi Goldstein, Allen H. Guenther, Alex Heald, Colette L. Mayol-Bracero, Olga L. McMurry, Peter H. Pauliquevis, Theotonio Poeschl, Ulrich Prather, Kimberly A. Roberts, Gregory C. Saleska, Scott R. Silva Dias, M. A. Spracklen, Dominick V. Swietlicki, Erik Trebs, IvonneU.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [OISE-0651836]; Brazil LBA Millennium Institute ; David Rockefeller Center of Latin American Studies, Atmospheric Composition Change: The European Network of Excellence (ACCENT) ; Max Planck Society ; Humboldt Research Fellowship ; Summer Research Fellowship for U.S. Scientists and Scholars ; State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), BrazilThe authors of this article were part of the International Workshop: Aerosol Particles in the Amazon-Changes and Their Consequences From Past and Future Human Activities, which took place 18-22 February 2008 at Aria Amazon Towers, north of Manaus, Brazil. Special thanks go to C. H. Martin. Support was received from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) (OISE-0651836), the Brazil LBA Millennium Institute, the Harvard Brazil Studies Program of the David Rockefeller Center of Latin American Studies, Atmospheric Composition Change: The European Network of Excellence (ACCENT), the Max Planck Society, and the Brazilian Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere (LBA) Experiment. S. T. M. also acknowledges support from a Humboldt Research Fellowship: Summer Research Fellowship for U.S. Scientists and Scholars and a Visiting Researcher Award, State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil. This article is dedicated to the memory of Conceicao Moreira Silva.Amer geophysical unionWashington