科研成果

This paper studies the problem of language-guided reflection separation which aims at addressing the ill-posed reflection separation problem by introducing language descriptions to provide layer content. We propose a unified framework to solve this problem which leverages the cross-attention mechanism with contrastive learning strategies to construct the correspondence between language descriptions and image layers. A gated network design and a randomized training strategy are employed to tackle the recognizable layer ambiguity. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the significant performance advantage over existing reflection separation methods on both quantitative and qualitative comparisons.

Event cameras with their high temporal resolution dynamic range and low power consumption are particularly good at time-sensitive applications like deblurring and frame interpolation. However their performance is hindered by latency variability especially under low-light conditions and with fast-moving objects. This paper addresses the challenge of latency in event cameras – the temporal discrepancy between the actual occurrence of changes in the corresponding timestamp assigned by the sensor. Focusing on event-guided deblurring and frame interpolation tasks we propose a latency correction method based on a parameterized latency model. To enable data-driven learning we develop an event-based temporal fidelity to describe the sharpness of latent images reconstructed from events and the corresponding blurry images and reformulate the event-based double integral model differentiable to latency. The proposed method is validated using synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrating the benefits of latency correction for deblurring and interpolation across different lighting conditions.

In this paper, we introduce L-DiffER, a language-based diffusion model designed for the ill-posed single image reflection removal task. Although having shown impressive performance for image generation, existing language-based diffusion models struggle with precise control and faithfulness in image restoration. To overcome these limitations, we propose an iterative condition refinement strategy to resolve the problem of inaccurate control conditions. A multi-condition constraint mechanism is employed to ensure the recovery faithfulness of image color and structure while retaining the generation capability to handle low-transmitted reflections. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method through extensive experiments, showcasing both quantitative and qualitative improvements over existing methods.

When photographing through a piece of glass, reflections usually degrade the quality of captured images or videos. In this paper, by exploiting periodically varying light flickering, we investigate the problem of removing strong reflections from contaminated image sequences or videos with a unified capturing setup. We propose a learning-based method that utilizes short-term and long-term observations of mixture videos to exploit one-side contextual clues in fluctuant components and brightness-consistent clues in consistent components for achieving layer separation and flickering removal, respectively. A dataset containing synthetic and real mixture videos with light flickering is built for network training and testing. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the comprehensive evaluation on synthetic and real data, the application for video flickering removal, and the exploratory experiment on high-speed scenes.

We examine the information asymmetry between local and nonlocal investors with a large dataset of stock message board postings. We document that abnormal relative postings of a firm, i.e., unusual changes in the volume of postings from local versus nonlocal investors, capture locals' information advantage. This measure positively predicts firms' short-term stock returns as well as those of peer firms in the same city. Sentiment analysis shows that posting activities primarily reflect good news, potentially due to social transmission bias and short-sales constraints. We identify the information driving return predictability through content-based analysis. Abnormal relative postings also lead analysts' forecast revisions. Overall, investors' interactions on social media contain valuable geography-based private information.

As industrial automation supplants labor, there are important consequences on the labor market, especially for the vast rural population in developing countries. This study investigates how industrial automation, particularly the use of robots, affects the employment and mobility of young rural workers and the decision-making of their elderly parents in China. Using longitudinal data from rural Chinese households and a shift-share approach, we find automation in urban areas decelerates the rural-to-urban migration. This slowdown is accompanied by a reduction in rural workers' employment opportunities and an increase in their propensity to co-reside with their elderly parents in their home counties, which in turn alters their parents' financial decisions, including labor supply, savings, and family transfers. Notably, rural workers' decision to stay and co-reside with their senior parents fosters more frequent family interactions, contributing to notable improvements in the elders' mental and physical health. Our study underscores the complex effects of automation on labor mobility, family relationships, and the overall well-being of the rural populace in the face of technological advancements.

Chloride solid electrolytes (SEs) have attracted widespread attention due to their high room-temperature ionic conductivity and excellent cathode compatibility. However, the conventionally selected central metal elements (e.g., In, Y and Ta) are usually rare and heavy, inevitably causing the high cost and high density of the obtained chloride SEs. Here, by choosing abundant and light Mg and Al as central metal elements, we develop a cheap and low density Li1.2Mg0.95Al0.3Cl4 SE for high active material ratio in all solid state cathode. Partial replacement of Mg2+ by Al3+ in the framework yields vacancies and lowers the non-lithium metal ions occupancy at Mg/Li co-occupied 16d site, effectively relieving the blocking effects by Mg2+ in the pristine spinel Li2−2xMg1+xCl4. Thus, a significantly improved room-temperature conductivity of 3.08 × 10−4 S·cm−1 is achieved, two orders of magnitude higher than that of Li1.2Mg1.4Cl4. More attractively, its low density of only 1.98 g·cm−3 enables low SE mass ratio in cathodes (only 16 wt.%) with still effective electrolyte/cathode contact and lithium-ion conduction inside. When charged to potential of 4.30 V, the as-fabricated Li1.2Mg0.95Al0.3Cl4-based solid lithium battery with uncoated NCM523 cathode can be cycled for over 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 86.68% at room temperature.

Transport properties of silicate melts control magma ocean dynamics on the early terrestrial planets and rocky exoplanets. Here we calculate the viscosity (transport of momentum) of peridotite liquid at potential magma ocean conditions (0–159 GPa, 2,200–6,000 K) using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We find that, unlike MgSiO 3 or basaltic melts, the viscosity of the highly depolymerized peridotite liquid (a) increases monotonically with pressure without an anomalous drop and (b) is lower than those of other melts over the entire mantle pressure range. Low viscosity would promote fractional crystallization in a less polymerized magma ocean and thus contribute to mantle heterogeneity from its earliest stage. Given the compositional dependence of magma ocean properties, emphasis on multicomponent bulk silicate Earth‐like composition, instead of simple end‐members, are rendered necessary, in order to better understand high‐energy planetary accretion processes and their aftermaths.

Although tourism is often treated as one of the crucial industries for the construction of low-carbon cities (LCCs), there is no systematic evidence on whether there is a causal relationship. This research aims to explore and empirically test the causal link between LCC initiatives and inbound tourism of cities using a spatial difference-in-differences approach with balanced panel data of 59 Chinese major tourism cities from 2000 to 2017. The results show that urban tourism by foreign tourists exhibits significant spatial spillover effects. Compared to non-LCCs, the number of foreign tourists on LCCs increased by 4.7 percentage points and the average length of stay of foreign tourists increased by 3.6 percentage points. The direct impact of the LCC initiative on foreign tourists was significant, while the indirect impact was insignificant. The findings of the study not only deepen the researchon sustainable tourism behavior of inbound tourists, but also provide valuable references for cities to participate in the competition in the international tourism market through low-carbon development.

Fecal waste is a significant source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pollution and provides valuable insights into the AMR development in animal and human populations within the “One health” framework. Various genetic elements, including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), biocide and metal resistance genes (BMGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs), are crucial AMR risk determinants (ARDs). However, few studies focused on compositional characteristics of ARDs in different feces. Here, we analyzed 753 public metagenomes from human, pig, chicken, and cattle feces, revealing significant differences in ARD richness and abundance across fecal types, notably lowest in cattle samples. Tetracycline, multi-metal, and -biocide resistance genes were dominant resistome. A few core genes contributed to 25.6%–91.1% of gene abundance, and their correlations were stronger in cattle samples. Procrustes analysis showed that microbial composition had higher correlations with ARGs (M2 = 0.579) and BMGs (M2 = 0.519). Gammaproteobacteria was identified as major ARD-hosts especially in human and pig feces, and they mainly carried multi-resistance genes. MGEs exhibited direct positive effects on ARGs and BMGs, indirectly impacting VFGs. Utilizing random forest methods, we identified 42 indicator genes for tracking AMR pollution originating from fecal sources in the environments. This study offers new insights into understanding and controlling the AMR pollution of fecal waste from human and food animals.