Two polypyridyl ruthenium complexes, bis[4-(N,N'-diphenylamino)phenyl-2,2':6',2 `'-terpyridine]ruthenium(II) (1) and bis[4'-(4-\2-[-(N,N'-diphenylamino)phenyl]ethylene\phenyl)-2, 2':6',2 `'-terpyridine]uthenium(II) (2), have been synthesized. They possess an extended conjugation and strongly coupled electronic states. The features of these compounds were carefully studied from several respects. Steady-state spectroscopy showed that the two compounds had strong excitation dependent emission behaviors caused by mixing features of different electronic states. Femtosecond fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy was also used to investigate the fluorescence dynamics of the compounds. An ultrafast relaxation time of similar to 100 fs of the (MLCT)-M-1 (metal-to-ligand charge-transfer) states, which may originate from an ultrafast intersystem crossing to form (MLCT)-M-3 states, was found in both samples. However, thermal populated states and vibration associated excited state interactions were suggested for 1 with excitation at wavelengths below 400 nm, whereas vibrational energy redistribution with a time scale of few picoseconds was observed in the extended conjugated system of 2. These compounds will have potential application in both artificial photosynthesis systems and photovoltaic devices.

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-Phenyl-(6,6)C-61 (PCBM) photovoltaic devices based on ordinary paper as substrate were fabricated. Au layer deposited on paper by RF magnetron sputtering was used as anode. The hybrid layer of LiF co-evaporated with Al was used for transparent cathode, and the light transmittance could reach to similar to 70%. By optimizing the mass proportion of LiF and Al, we could get the best papery solar cells with the short current density and open circuit voltage 0.1 mA/cm(2) and 0.39 V. respectively. The corresponding power conversion efficiency was measured to be 0.13 parts per thousand illuminated with 100 mW/cm(2) air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) simulated sunlight. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The energy band of red light-emitting materials is usually very narrow, which easily results in non-radiative recombination of excited states. There also exists concentration q(1)uenching effect due to strong pi-pi interaction. To avoid this, host-guest doping system is mostly used. On the other hand, the ratio of singlet and triplet excited state caused by recombination is 1:3. In comparison with the fluorescence (singlet to singlet), phosphorescence (triplet to singlet, but spin-forbidden) is much weaker, and the quantum yield is much lower. To enhance it and make full use of triplet excited state energy, heavy atom effect is commonly used to induce strong spin-orbital coupling leading to mix of singlet and triplet and release the forbidden triplet energy. Based on this, we fabricated polymer light-emitting diodes adopting polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) as the host and a red fluorescent dye, 2-\2-methyl-6-[2-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H, 5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)-vinyl]-pyran-4-ylidene\-alononitril e (DCM2), as the dopant, and materials containing heavy-ion, kalium idode (KI) and bromo-carbazole, as energy transfer bridge to obtain complete energy transfer from excited states of both singlet and triplet energy level of PVK to ground state of singlet of DCM2. We found the current density of devices with heavy-ion materials were higher than device without it, and the weak blue emission from PVK host, existing in device of PVK:DCM2 device, can not be observed in electroluminescence spectra of device with heavy-ion materials, which indicates a complete energy transfer from both triplet and singlet energy levels.

After the premier commercialization of OLED in 1997, OLED has been considered as the candidate for the next generation of flat panel display. In comparison to liquid crystal display (LCD) and plasma display panel (PDP), OLED exhibits promising merits for display, e. g., flexible, printable, micro-buildable and multiple designable. Although many efforts have been made on electroluminescent (EL) materials and devices, obtaining highly efficient and pure blue light is still a great challenge. In order to improve the emission efficiency and purity of the blue emission, a new bipolar blue light emitter, 2,7-di(2,2': 6', 2 `'-terpyridine)- 2,7-diethynyl-9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene (TPEF), was designed and synthesized. A blue OLED was obtained with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT/PVK:CBP:TPEF/LiF/Al. The device exhibits a turn-on voltage of 9 V and a maximum brightness of 12 cd/m(2) at 15 V. The device gives a deep blue emission located at 420 nm with the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.17, 0.10). We also use TPEF as electron transporting material in the device of ITO/PPV/TPEF/LiF/Al, the turn-on voltage is 3 V. It is proved the current in the device was enhanced indeed by using the new material.