科研成果 by Year: 2024

随着当今社会经济的快速发展以及工业化、城镇化进程的加速推进，环境污染问题的复杂性和严重性日益凸显。除传统污染物外，全球范围内不断出现的新污染物给环境与公众健康带来了新的挑战。我国“十四五”及中长期规划中提出“新污染物治理”，党的二十大报告也明确“开展新污染物治理”的要求。2022年，国务院办公厅印发了《新污染物治理行动方案》，生态环境部及各省、自治区、直辖市相继出台了相应的实施方案，我国生态环境保护进入了常规污染物与新污染物治理并重的新阶段。然而，新污染物治理是一项长期、动态且复杂的系统工程，亟需加强顶层设计和科技支撑。开展新污染物系统性研究，不仅为其管控提供有效的科学指引，提升环境质量管理水平，还能助力我国履行国际公约，增强全球环境治理中的话语权，确保我国环境安全、食品安全、国际贸易安全等，对实现可持续发展具有重要意义。

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), mainly short-chain CPs (SCCPs) and medium-chain CPs (MCCPs), are currently the most produced and used industrial chemicals related to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) globally. These chemicals are widely detected in the environment and in the human body. As the release of SCCPs and MCCPs from products represents only a small fraction of their stock in products, the potential long-term release of CPs from a large variety of products at the waste stage has become an issue of great concern. The results of this study showed that, by 2050, SCCPs and MCCPs used between 2000 and 2021 will cumulatively generate 226.49 Mt of CP-containing wastes, comprising 8610.13 kt of SCCPs and MCCPs. Approximately 79.72 Mt of CP-containing wastes is predicted to be generated abroad through the international trade of products using SCCPs and MCCPs. The magnitude, distribution, and growth of CP-containing wastes subject to environmentally sound disposal will depend largely on the relevant provisions of the Stockholm and Basel Conventions and the forthcoming global plastic treaty. According to multiple scenarios synthesizing the provisions of the three conventions, 26.6–101.1 Mt of CP-containing wastes will be subject to environmentally sound disposal as POP wastes, which would pose a great challenge to the waste disposal capacity of China, as well as for countries importing CP-containing products. The additional 5-year exemption period for MCCPs is expected to see an additional 10 Mt of CP-containing wastes subject to environmentally sound disposal. Thus, there is an urgent need to strengthen the Stockholm and Basel Conventions and the global plastic treaty.

各类塑料制品中广泛分布的塑料添加剂赋予塑料以阻燃、增塑和抗氧化等优异功能，但其中已有100多种因其潜在的环境和健康危害性被列入欧盟高关注物质（SVHCs）候选清单.以上SVHCs普遍分布在各类塑料及各行业产品中，比较集中分布在PVC和PUR等类塑料和包装、汽车、建材、电子电器和纺织等行业中.在不同功能的SVHCs中，增塑剂和阻燃剂用量最高，品类相对集中，一直是国内外化学品风险评估和风险管理关注的重点.现有研究已建立起塑料制品中SVHCs物质流分析方法，揭示出PBDEs、HBCD和PAEs等典型阻燃剂和增塑剂类SVHCs在塑料制品全生命周期普遍存在的环境和健康风险；大量SVHCs随塑料产品寿命终结进入废物阶段，揭示了各类含SVHCs塑料废物环境无害化管理的重要性.除在产品使用周期发生的环境释放外，各种形式的塑料泄露所产生的塑料碎片，构成了环境中各种SVHCs的长期释放源，对生态环境和人体健康造成持久威胁.未来亟需重视各类塑料制品中大量潜在有害化学品的识别及其全生命周期环境释放与风险评估研究，尤其包括塑料中有害化学品排放系数测算、动态物质流分析方法的优化，以及塑料泄露途径有害化学品释放机制研究等.