细菌硝酸盐异化还原成铵(DNRA)过程能够将河口沉积物中的硝氮转化为氨氮,是河口生态系统中潜在的重要氮循环过程之一。本文介绍DNRA机理与分类,综述河口生态系统中DNRA的地位与影响,并总结河口生态系统中几种重要生态因子对DNRA过程的调控与影响。目前DNRA的机理还有待完善。深入研究各类河口生态系统中环境因子对DNRA的调控与影响机制,并研发新的研究方法,将为我国河口地区的水资源保护和生态治理提供科学依据。

Human activities usually leave footprints in the environment. By using 454 pyrosequencing, the impact of effluent from an industrial park on the coastal microecology in Hangzhou Bay, China, was interpreted by analysing the microbial communities of the activated sludge from three wastewater treatment plants and the sediment from the effluent receiving area. Based on richness and biodiversity, the sediments were more diversified than the activated sludge, although the seawater environment was highly contaminated. Both bacterial and archaeal communities were niche-determined. The bacterial phylum Proteobacteria dominated in all samples; and certain pollutant-resistant genera, such as Thauera and Truepera, were found in all samples. Archaeal phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota dominated the activated sludge and sediment samples, respectively. According to the analysis of shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and reads among different samples, more bacterial OTUs and reads were shared between two samples from sites with a direct effluent connection, showing a clear correlation between the wastewater treatment plants and the effluent receiving bay area. The impact of second-hand pollution can be evaluated by comparing the bacterial community in different eco-environments with a direct effluent connection, especially when pristine samples are not available.