首页 /

Publications

Bold names are group members (when the research is conducted), asterisks (*) mark corr./co-corr. authors

As of Feburay 2024, authored or co-authored in >130 journal papers, cited by >8200 times with a H-index of 53 based on Scopus statistics [link]

 

2024

  • Ouping Deng, Sitong Wang, Jiangyou Ran, Shuai Huang, Xiuming Zhang, Jiakun Duan, Lin Zhang, Yongqiu Xia, Stefan Reis, Jiayu Xu, Jianming Xu, Wim de Vries, Mark A. Sutton & Baojing Gu*, Managing urban development could halve nitrogen pollution in China, Nature Communications volume 15, Article number: 401, 2024. [link]
  • Xingpei Ye, Lin Zhang*, Xiaolin Wang, Xiao Lu, Zhongjing Jiang, Ni Lu, Danyang Li, Jiayu Xu, Spatial and temporal variations of surface background ozone in China analyzed with the grid-stretching capability of GEOS-Chem High Performance, Science of the Total Environment, Volume 914, 169909, 2024. [link]
  • Tianle Zhang, Junyi Liu, Yaxin Xiang, Xiaomeng Liu, Jie Zhang, Lin Zhang, Qi Ying, Yuntao Wang, Yinan Wang, Shuangling Chen, Fei Chai, and Mei Zheng*, Quantifying anthropogenic emission of iron in marine aerosol in the Northwest Pacific with shipborne online measurements, Science of the Total Environment, Volume 912, 169158, 2024. [link]
  • Weiyang Hu, Yu Zhao*, Ni Lu, Xiaolin Wang, Bo Zheng, Daven K. Henze, Lin Zhang, Tzung-May Fu, and Shixian Zhai, Changing Responses of PM2.5 and Ozone to Source Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta Using the Adjoint Model, Environmental Science and Technology, 58, 1, 628-638, 2024. [link]

2023

  • Yang Xie, Xiaorui Liu, Danyang Li, Mengdan Zhao, Zhixiong Weng, Lin Zhang, Meng Xu*, Health and economic benefits of reducing air pollution embodied in GBA's green and low-carbon development, Urban Climate, Volume 52, 101755, 2023. [link]
  • Jacob S. Becker, Marissa N. DeLang, Kai-Lan Chang, Marc L. Serre, Owen R. Cooper, Hantao Wang, Martin G. Schultz, Sabine Schröder, Xiao Lu, Lin Zhang, Makoto Deushi, Beatrice Josse, Christoph A. Keller, Jean-François Lamarque, Meiyun Lin, Junhua Liu, Virginie Marécal, Sarah A. Strode, Kengo Sudo, Simone Tilmes, Li Zhang, Michael Brauer, J. Jason West*, Using Regionalized Air Quality Model Performance and Bayesian Maximum Entropy data fusion to map global surface ozone concentration, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 11 (1): 00025, 2023. [link]
  • Katrin Kaltenegger*, Zhaohai Bai, Ulrike Dragosits, Xiangwen Fan, Andrzej Greinert, Samuel Guéret, Monika Suchowska-Kisielewicz, Wilfried Winiwarter, Lin Zhang, Feng Zhou, Urban nitrogen budgets: Evaluating and comparing the path of nitrogen through cities for improved management, Science of The Total Environment, 904, 166827, 2023. [link]
  • Jiayu Xu, Mengran Lu, Yixin Guo*, Lin Zhang*, Youfan Chen, Zehui Liu, Mi Zhou, Weili Lin, WeiWei Pu, Zhiqiang Ma, Yu Song, Yuepeng Pan, Lei Liu, and Dongsheng Ji, Summertime Urban Ammonia Emissions May Be Substantially Underestimated in Beijing, China, Environmental Science & Technology, 57, 35, 13124–13135, 2023. [link] [系新闻]
  • Wanshan Tan, Haolin Wang, Jiayin Su, Ruize Sun, Cheng He, Xiao Lu*, Jintai Lin, Chaoyang Xue, Haichao Wang, Yiming Liu, Lei Liu, Lin Zhang, Dianming Wu, Yujing Mu, and Shaojia Fan, Soil Emissions of Reactive Nitrogen Accelerate Summertime Surface Ozone Increases in the North China Plain, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 34, 12782–12793, 2023. [link]
  • Yixin Guo, Haiyue Tan, Lin Zhang*, Gang Liu*, Mi Zhou, Julius Vira, Peter G. Hess, Xueying Liu, Fabien Paulot, Xuejun Liu, Global Food Loss and Waste Embodies Unrecognized Harms to Air Quality and Biodiversity Hotspots, Nature Food, 4, 686-698, 2023. [link] [院新闻]
  • Zehui Liu, Harald E. Rieder, Christian Schmidt, Monika Mayer, Yixin Guo, Wilfried Winiwarter*, Lin Zhang*, Optimal reactive nitrogen control pathways identified for cost-effective PM2.5 mitigation in Europe, Nature Communications, 14:4246, 2023. [link] [院新闻] [news]
  • Peipei Qiu, Lin Zhang*, Xuesong Wang, Yafei Liu, Shuai Wang, Sunling Gong, Yuanhang Zhang*, A new approach of air pollution regionalization based on geographically weighted variations for multi-pollutants in China, Science of the Total Environment, 873, 162431, 2023. [link]
  • Han Han, Lin Zhang*, Zehui Liu, Xu Yue, Lei Shu, Xiaolin Wang, Yuanhang Zhang*, Narrowing Differences in Urban and Nonurban Surface Ozone in the Northern Hemisphere Over 1990-2020, Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 10(5), 410-417, 2023. [link] [系新闻]
  • Haichao Wang, Haolin Wang, Xiao Lu, Keding Lu*, Lin Zhang, Yee Jun Tham, Zongbo Shi, Kenneth Aikin, Shaojia Fan, Steven S. Brown*, Yuanhang Zhang*, Increased night-time oxidation over China despite widespread decrease across the globe. Nature Geoscience, 16, 217-223, 2023. [link]

2022

  • Xingpei Ye, Xiaolin Wang, Lin Zhang*. Diagnosing the Model Bias in Simulating Daily Surface Ozone Variability Using a Machine Learning Method: The Effects of Dry Deposition and Cloud Optical Depth. Environmental Science & Technology, 56, 23, 16665–16675, 2022. [link]
  • Xiaolin Wang, Tzung-May Fu*, Lin Zhang*, Xiao Lu, Xiong Liu, Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Mohd Talib Latif, Yaping Ma, Lijuan Zhang, Xu Feng, Lei Zhu, Huizhong Shen, Xin Yang, Rapidly Changing Emissions Drove Substantial Surface and Tropospheric Ozone Increases Over Southeast Asia, Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL100223, 2022. [link]
  • Jiachen Cao, Ming Chang, Yuepeng Pan, Tao Song, Zan Liu, Hui Zhao, Mi Zhou, Lin Zhang, Xuemei Wang, Assessment and intercomparison of ozone dry deposition schemes over two ecosystems based on Noah-MP in China, Atmospheric Environment, 2022. [link]
  • Youfan Chen*, Lin Zhang, Yuanhong Zhao, Lijuan Zhang, Jingwei Zhang, Mengyao Liu, Mi Zhou, Bin Luo*, High-Resolution Ammonia Emissions from Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in China during 2005–2020, Atmosphere, 2022. [link]
  • Xiaole Su, Tongwen Wu, Jie Zhang, Yong Zhang, Junli Jin, Qing Zhou, Fang Zhang, Yiming Liu, Yumeng Zhou, Lin Zhang, Steven T Turnock, Kalli Furtado, Present-day PM2.5 over Asia: Simulation and uncertainty in CMIP6 ESMs, Journal of Meteorological Research, 2022. [link]
  • Yixin Guo*, Pan He, Tim D Searchinger, Youfan Chen, Marco Springmann, Mi Zhou, Xin Zhang, Lin Zhang, Denise L Mauzerall*, Environmental and human health trade-offs in potential Chinese dietary shifts, One Earth, 5(3), 268-282, 2022. [link]
  • Lei, Y., Yue, X., Liao, H., Zhang, L., et al., Global Perspective of Drought Impacts on Ozone Pollution Episodes. Environmental Science & Technology, 56 (7), 3932-3940, 2022. [link]
  • Li, D., Shindell, D., Ding, D., Lu, X., Zhang, L., and Zhang, Y.: Surface ozone impacts on major crop production in China from 2010 to 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 2625–2638, 2022. [link]
  • Wen Xu, Yuanhong Zhao, Zhang Wen, Yunhua Chang, Yuepeng Pan, Yele Sun, Xin Ma, Zhipeng Sha, Ziyue Li, Jiahui Kang, Lei Liu, Aohan Tang, Kai Wang, Ying Zhang, Yixin Guo, Lin Zhang*, Lifang Sheng, Xiuming Zhang, Baojing Gu, Yu Song, Martin Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Pierre-François Coheur, Jeffrey L Collett Jr, Keith Goulding, Fusuo Zhang, Kebin He*, Xuejun Liu*, Increasing importance of ammonia emission abatement in PM2.5 pollution control, Science bulletin, 67(17), 1745-1749, 2022. [link]
  • Haiyue Tan, Lin Zhang*, Xiao Lu, Yuanhong Zhao, Bo Yao, Robert J. Parker, and Hartmut Boech, An integrated analysis of contemporary methane emissions and concentration trends over China using in situ, satellite observations, and model simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1229-1249, 2022. [link]

2021

  • Mi Zhou#, Hongxun Liu#, Liqun Peng, Yue Qin, Dan Chen, Lin Zhang*, Denise L. Mauzerall*, Environmental benefits and household costs of clean heating options in northern China, Nature Sustainability, 5, 329–338, 2022. [link]  [报道]
  • Baojing Gu*, Lin Zhang*, Rita Van Dingenen, Massimo Vieno, Hans JM Van Grinsven, Xiuming Zhang, Shaohui Zhang, Youfan Chen, Sitong Wang, Chenchen Ren, Shilpa Rao, Mike Holland, Wilfried Winiwarter, Deli Chen, Jianming Xu, Mark A. Sutton*, Abating ammonia is more cost-effective than nitrogen oxides for mitigating PM2.5 air pollution, Science, 374, 758-762, DOI: 10.1126/science.abf8623, 2021. [link] [学院报道]
  • Youfan Chen, Lin Zhang*, Daven K. Henze*, Yuanhong Zhao, Xiao Lu, Wilfried Winiwarter, Yixin Guo, Xuejun Liu, Zhang Wen, Yuepeng Pan and Yu Song, Interannual variation of reactive nitrogen emissions and their impacts on PM2.5 air pollution in China during 2005-2015, Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3695, 2021. [link]
  • Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Manish Shrivastava, Youfan Chen, Lin Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Yan Zheng, and Keren Liao, Process-based and observation-constrained SOA simulations in China: the role of semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds and OH levels, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16183–16201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16183-2021, 2021. [link]
  • Xiao Lu, Xingpei Ye, Mi Zhou, Yuanhong Zhao, Hongjian Weng, Hao Kong, Ke Li, Meng Gao, Bo Zheng, Jintai Lin, Feng Zhou, Qiang Zhang, Dianming Wu, Lin Zhang*, Yuanhang Zhang*, The underappreciated role of agricultural soil nitrogen oxide emissions in ozone pollution regulation in North China, Nature Communications, 12, 5021, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25147-9, 2021. [link] [学院报道] [系报道]
  • Kaiyue Zhou, Yu Zhao, Lin Zhang, Mengxiao Xi, Declining dry deposition of NO2 and SO2 with diverse spatiotemporal patterns in China from 2013 to 2018, Atmospheric Environment, 262, 118655, 2021. [link]
  • Yi Sun, Baojing Gu, Hans J. M. van Grinsven, Stefan Reis, Shu Kee Lam, Xiuying Zhang, Youfan Chen, Feng Zhou, Lin Zhang, Rong Wang, Deli Chen, and Jianming Xu, The Warming Climate Aggravates Atmospheric Nitrogen Pollution in Australia, Research, 2021, 9804583, 2021. [link]
  • Xiaolin Wang, Tzung-May Fu*, Lin Zhang*, Hansen Cao, Qiang Zhang, Hanchen Ma, Lu Shen, Mathew J. Evans, Peter D. Ivatt, Xiao Lu, Youfan Chen, Lijuan Zhang, Xu Feng, Xin Yang, Lei Zhu, and Daven K. Henze, Sensitivities of Ozone Air Pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Area to Local and Upwind Precursor Emissions Using Adjoint Modeling, Environmental Science & Technology, 55 (9), 5752-5762, 2021. [link]
  • Marissa N. DeLang, Jacob S. Becker, Kai-Lan Chang, Marc L. Serre, Owen R. Cooper, Martin G. Schultz, Sabine Schröder, Xiao Lu, Lin Zhang, Makoto Deushi, Beatrice Josse, Christoph A. Keller, Jean-Franco̧is Lamarque, Meiyun Lin, Junhua Liu, Virginie Marécal, Sarah A. Strode, Kengo Sudo, Simone Tilmes, Li Zhang, Stephanie E. Cleland, Elyssa L. Collins, Michael Brauer, and J. Jason West*, Mapping Yearly Fine Resolution Global Surface Ozone through the Bayesian Maximum Entropy Data Fusion of Observations and Model Output for 1990−2017, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 4389−4398, 2021. [link]
  • Youwen Sun, Hao Yin, Cheng Liu*, Lin Zhang*, Yuan Cheng*, Mathias Palm, Justus Notholt, Xiao Lu, Corinne Vigouroux, Bo Zheng, Wei Wang, Nicholas Jones, Changong Shan, Min Qin, Yuan Tian, Qihou Hu, Fanhao Meng, and Jianguo Liu, Mapping the drivers of formaldehyde (HCHO) variability from 2015 to 2019 over eastern China: insights from Fourier transform infrared observation and GEOS-Chem model simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6365–6387, 2021. [link]
  • Zhongjing Jiang, Jing Li, Xiao Lu, Cheng Gong, Lin Zhang, and Hong Liao, Impact of western Pacific subtropical high on ozone pollution over eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2601–2613, 2021. [link]
  • Zehui Liu, Mi Zhou, Youfan Chen , Dan Chen, Yuepeng Pan, Tao Song, Dongsheng Ji, Qi Chen* and Lin Zhang*,  The nonlinear response of fine particulate matter pollution to ammonia emission reductions in North China, Environmental Research Letters, 16, 034014, 2021. [link]
  • Xiaoying Zhan, Wulahati Adalibieke, Xiaoqing Cui, Wilfried Winiwarter, Stefan Reis, Lin Zhang, Zhaohai Bai, Qihui Wang, Weichen Huang, and Feng Zhou*, Improved Estimates of Ammonia Emissions from Global Croplands, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 2, 1329–1338, 2021. [link]

2020

  • Yixin Guo, Youfan Chen, Timothy D. Searchinger, Mi Zhou, Da Pan, Junnan Yang, Liang Wu, Zhenling Cui, Weifeng Zhang, Fusuo Zhang, Lin Ma, Yele Sun, Mark A. Zondlo, Lin Zhang* & Denise L. Mauzerall*,  Air quality, nitrogen use efficiency and food security in China are improved by cost-effective agricultural nitrogen management, Nature Food, volume 1, 648–658, 2020. [link]
  • Wilfried Winiwarter, Barbara Amon, Zhaohai Bai, Andrzej Greinert, Katrin Kaltenegger, Lin Ma, Sylwia Myszograj, Markus Schneidergruber, Monika Suchowski-Kisielewicz, Lisa Wolf, Lin Zhang and Feng Zhou, Urban nitrogen budgets: flows and stock changes of potentially polluting nitrogen compounds in cities and their surroundings – a review, Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 17 (1), 57-71, 2020. [link]
  • Zhang Wen, Wen Xu, Qi Li, Mengjuan Han, Aohan Tang, Ying Zhang, Xiaosheng Luo, Jianlin Shen, Wei Wang, Kaihui Li, Yuepeng Pan, Lin Zhang, Wenqing Li, Jeffery L. Collett Jr, Buqing Zhong, Xuemei Wang, Keith Goulding, Fusuo Zhang, Xuejun Liu*, Changes of nitrogen deposition in China from 1980 to 2018, Environment International, 144, 106022, 2020. [link]
  • X. J. Liu, W. Xu, E. Z. Du, A. H. Tang, Y. Zhang, Y. Y. Zhang, Z. Wen, T. X. Hao, Y. P. Pan, L. Zhang, B. J. Gu, Y. Zhao, J. L. Shen, F. Zhou, Z. L. Gao, Z. Z. Feng, Y. H. Chang, K. Goulding, J. L. Collett, P. M. Vitousek and F. S. Zhang, Environmental impacts of nitrogen emissions in China and the role of policies in emission reduction, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A., 378, 20190324, 2020. [link]
  • X Lu, L Zhang*, X Wang, M Gao, K Li, Y Zhang, X Yue, Y Zhang*, Rapid increases in warm-season surface ozone and resulting health impact in China Since 2013, Environmental Science & Technology Letters 7 (4), 240-247, 2020.
  • Lin, H., Feng, X., Fu, T.-M., Tian, H., Ma, Y., Zhang, L., Jacob, D. J., Yantosca, R. M., Sulprizio, M. P., Lundgren, E. W., Zhuang, J., Zhang, Q., Lu, X., Zhang, L., Shen, L., Guo, J., Eastham, S. D., and Keller, C. A., WRF-GC (v1.0): online coupling of WRF (v3.9.1.1) and GEOS-Chem (v12.2.1) for regional atmospheric chemistry modeling – Part 1: Description of the one-way model, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 3241–3265, 2020. [link]
  • Lei, Y., Yue, X., Liao, H., Gong, C., and Zhang, L.: Implementation of Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere model v1.0 into GEOS-Chem v12.0.0: a tool for biosphere–chemistry interactions, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1137–1153, 2020. [link]
  • Sun, Y., Liu, C.*, Zhang, L.*, Palm, M., Notholt, J., Yin, H., Vigouroux, C., Lutsch, E., Wang, W., Shan, C., Blumenstock, T., Nagahama, T., Morino, I., Mahieu, E., Strong, K., Langerock, B., De Maziere, M., Hu, Q., Zhang, H., Petri, C., and Liu, J.: FTIR time series of tropospheric HCN in eastern China: seasonality, interannual variability and source attribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5437–5456, 2020. [link]
  • Lu, X., Zhang, L., Wu, T., Long, M. S., Wang, J., Jacob, D. J., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Eastham, S. D., Hu, L., Zhu, L., Liu, X., and Wei, M.: Development of the global atmospheric chemistry general circulation model BCC-GEOS-Chem v1.0: model description and evaluation, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 3817–3838, 2020. [link]
  • Wu, T., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Jie, W., Zhang, Y., Wu, F., Li, L., Yan, J., Liu, X., Lu, X., Tan, H., Zhang, L., Wang, J., and Hu, A.: Beijing Climate Center Earth System Model version 1 (BCC-ESM1): model description and evaluation of aerosol simulations, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 977–1005, 2020. [link]
  • Xiaosheng Luo, Xuejun Liu, Yuepeng Pan, Zhang Wen, Wen Xu, Lin Zhang, Changlin Kou, Jinling Lv, Keith Goulding, Atmospheric reactive nitrogen concentration and deposition trends from 2011 to 2018 at an urban site in north China, Atmospheric Environment, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117298, in press.[link]
  • Wen Xu, Zhang Wen, Bo Shang, Anthony J.Dore, Aohan Tang, Xiaoping Xia, Aihua Zheng, Mengjuan Han, Lin Zhang, Yuanhong Zhao, Guozhong Zhang, Zhaozhong Feng, Xuejun Liu, Fusuo Zhang, Precipitation chemistry and atmospheric nitrogen deposition at a rural site in Beijing, China, Atmospheric Environment, 223, 117253, 2020.[link]

2019

  • Yuanhong Zhao, Lin Zhang∗, Mi Zhou, Dan Chen, Xiao Lu, Wei Tao, Junfeng Liu， Heng Tian, Yaping Ma, Tzung-May Fu, Influences of planetary boundary layer mixing parameterization on summertime surface ozone concentration and dry deposition over North China, Atmos. Environ., 218, 116950, 2019. [pdf] [link]
  • Hongyan Zhao, Guannan Geng, Qiang Zhang, Steven Davis, Xin Li, Yang Liu, Liqun Peng, Meng Li, Bo Zheng, Hong Huo, Lin Zhang, Daven Henze, Zhifu Mi, Zhu Liu, Dabo Guan, and Kebin He, Inequality of household consumption and air pollution-related deaths in China, Nature Communications, 10:4337, 2019. [link]
  • Keding Lu, Hendrik Fuchs, Andreas Hofzumahaus, Zhaofeng Tan, Haichao Wang, Lin Zhang, Sebastian H. Schmitt, Franz Rohrer, Birger Bohn, Sebastian Broch, Huabin Dong, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Thorsten Hohaus, Frank Holland, Xin Li, Ying Liu, Yuhan Liu, Xuefei Ma, Anna Novelli, Patrick Schlag, Min Shao, Yusheng Wu, Zhijun Wu, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Andreas Wahner, and Yuanhang Zhang, Fast Photochemistry in Wintertime Haze: Consequences for Pollution Mitigation Strategies, Environmental Science & Technology, 53 (18), 10676-10684, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02422, 2019. [link]
  • Hao Yin, Youwen Sun*, Cheng Liu*, Lin Zhang*, Xiao Lu, Wei Wang, Changgong Shan, Qihou Hu, Yuan Tian, Chengxin Zhang, Wenjing Su, Huifang Zhang, Mathias Palm, Justus Notholt, and Jianguo Liu, FTIR time series of stratospheric NO2 over Hefei, China, and comparisons with OMI and GEOS-Chem model data, Optics Express, 27(16), A1225-A1240, 2019. [pdf][link]
  • Kan Yi, Jing Meng, Haozhe Yang, Cenlin He, Daven Henze, Junfeng Liu, Dabo Guan, Zhu Liu, Lin Zhang, Xi Zhu, Yanli Cheng, and Shu Tao, How Do Global Trade Cascade to Large Climate Forcing over the Tibetan Plateau Glaciers, Nature Communications, 10:3281, 2019. [link]
  • Lu, X., Zhang, L.*, Shen, L., Meteorology and climate influences on tropospheric ozone: A review of natural sources, chemistry, and transport patterns, Current Pollution Reports, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00118-3, 2019. [pdf] [link]
  • Chao Liu, Hancheng Dai, Lin Zhang, Changchun Feng, The impacts of economic restructuring and technology upgrade on air quality and human health in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China, Front. Environ. Sci. Engin., 13(5): 70, 2019. [link]
  • Lu, X.*, Zhang, L.*, Chen, Y., Zhou, M., Zheng, B., Li, K., Liu, Y., Lin, J., Fu, T.-M., and Zhang, Q.: Exploring 2016–2017 surface ozone pollution over China: source contributions and meteorological influences, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8339–8361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8339-2019, 2019. [pdf] [link]
  • Wen Xu, Lin Zhang, Xuejun Liu, A database of atmospheric nitrogen concentration and deposition from the nationwide monitoring network in China, Scientific Data, 6 (51), 2019. [link]
  • Shao, J., Chen, Q., Wang, Y., Lu, X., He, P., Sun, Y., Shah, V., Martin, R. V., Philip, S., Song, S., Zhao, Y., Xie, Z.*, Zhang, L.*, and Alexander, B.*: Heterogeneous sulfate aerosol formation mechanisms during wintertime Chinese haze events: Air quality model assessment using observations of sulfate oxygen isotopes in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6107-6123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019, 2019. [pdf] [link] [ACP HIGHLIGHT ARTICLE]
  • Chi Li, Randall V. Martin, Mark W. Shephard, Karen Cady‐Pereira, Matthew J. Cooper, Jennifer Kaiser, Colin J. Lee, Lin Zhang, Daven K. Henze: Assessing the iterative finite difference mass balance and 4D‐Var methods to derive ammonia emissions over North America using synthetic observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 4222–4236, DOI:10.1029/2018JD030183, 2019. [link]
  • Lu, X., Zhang, L.*, Zhao, Y.H., Jacob, D.J.*, Hu, Y.*, Hu, L., Gao, M., Liu, X., Petropavlovskikh, I., McClure-Begley, A., and Querel, R.: Increasing tropospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere driven by poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation, Science Bulletin, 64, 400–409, 2019. [pdf] [link] [Research Highlighted by Dr. Owen Cooper, Detecting the fingerprints of observed climate change on surface ozone variability, Science Bulletin 64, 359–360, 2019. [pdf]]
  • Xu, Z., Liu, M., Song, Y., Wang, S., Zhang, L., Xu, T., Wang, T., Yan, C., Zhou, T., Sun, Y., Pan, Y., Hu, M., Zheng, M., and Zhu, T.: High efficiency of livestock ammonia emission controls on alleviating particulate nitrate during a severe winter haze episode in northern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 5605–5613, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5605-2019, 2019. [link]
  • Mi Zhou, Lin Zhang*, Dan Chen*, Yu Gu, Tzung-May Fu, Meng Gao, Yuanhong Zhao, Xiao Lu, Bin Zhao: The impact of aerosol-radiation interactions on the effectiveness of emission control measures, Environmental Research Letters, 14, 024002, 2019. [pdf] [link] [NEWS STORIES BY PhysicsWorld]

2018

  • Liu, M., Huang, X., Song, Y., Xu, T., Wang, S., Wu, Z., Hu, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Pan, Y., and Zhu, T.: Rapid SO2 emission reductions significantly increase tropospheric ammonia concentrations over the North China Plain, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17933-17943, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17933-2018, 2018. [link]
  • Zhang, Y., Tang, A., Wang, D., Wang, Q., Benedict, K., Zhang, L., Liu, D., Li, Y., Collett Jr., J. L., Sun, Y., and Liu, X.: The vertical variability of ammonia in urban Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 16385-16398, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16385-2018, 2018. [link]
  • Cao, H., Fu, T.-M., Zhang, L., Henze, D. K., Chan Miller, C., Lerot, C., González Abad, G., De Smedt, I., Zhang, Q., Van Roozendael, M., Chance, K., Li, J., Zheng, J., and Zhao, Y.: Adjoint inversion of Chinese non-methane volatile organic compound emissions using space-based observations of formaldehyde and glyoxal, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15017-15046, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15017-2018, 2018. [link]
  • Xiao Lu, Jiayun Hong, Lin Zhang*, Owen R. Cooper, Martin G. Schultz, Xiaobin Xu, Tao Wang, Meng Gao, Yuanhong Zhao, and Yuanhang Zhang*, Severe Surface Ozone Pollution in China: A Global Perspective, Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 5, 487-494, DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00366, 2018. [pdf] [link] [NEWS STORIES BY NOAA CIRES and German Julich (in German)]
  • Xu, W., Liu, L., Cheng, M., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., Pan, Y., Zhang, X., Gu, B., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Shen, J., Lu, L., Luo, X., Zhao, Y., Feng, Z., Collett Jr., J. L., Zhang, F., and Liu, X.: Spatial-temporal patterns of inorganic nitrogen air concentrations and deposition in eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 10931-10954, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10931-2018, 2018. [link]
  • Yuepeng Pan, Shili Tian, Yuanhong Zhao, Lin Zhang, Xiaying Zhu, Jian Gao, Wei Huang, Yanbo Zhou, Yu Song, Qiang Zhang, and Yuesi Wang, Identifying Ammonia Hotspots in China Using a National Observation Network, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52(7), 3926-3934, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05235, 2018. [link]
  • Kaiser, J., Jacob, D. J., Zhu, L., Travis, K. R., Fisher, J. A., González Abad, G., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Fried, A., Crounse, J. D., St. Clair, J. M., and Wisthaler, A.: High-resolution inversion of OMI formaldehyde columns to quantify isoprene emission on ecosystem-relevant scales: application to the Southeast US, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5483-5497, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5483-2018, 2018. [link]
  • Lu, X., Zhang, L.*, Liu, X., Gao, M., Zhao, Y., and Shao, J.: Lower tropospheric ozone over India and its linkage to the South Asian monsoon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 3101-3118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3101-2018, 2018. [link]
  • Zhang, L., Chen, Y., Zhao, Y., Henze, D. K., Zhu, L., Song, Y., Paulot, F., Liu, X., Pan, Y., and Huang, B.: Agricultural ammonia emissions in China: reconciling bottom-up and top-down estimates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 339-355, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-339-2018, 2018. [link] [data]
  • Young, P. J., V. Naik, A. M. Fiore, A. Gaudel, J. Guo, M. Y. Lin, J. Neu, D. D. Parrish, H. E. Rieder, J. L. Schnell, S. Tilmes, O. Wild, L. Zhang, J. Brandt, A. Delcloo, R. M. Doherty, C. Geels, M. I. Hegglin, L. Hu, U. Im, R. Kumar, A. Luhar, L. Murray, D. Plummer, J. Rodriguez, A. Saiz-Lopez, M. G. Schultz, M. Woodhouse, G. Zeng, and J. Ziemke: Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Assessment of global-scale model performance for global and regional ozone distributions, variability, and trends, Elem Sci Anth, 6: 10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.265, 2018. [link]
  • Xu, W, Zhao, Y.H.#, Liu, X.J., Dore, A.J., Zhang, L., Liu, L., and Cheng, M.,: Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Yangtze River basin: Spatial pattern and source attribution, Environmental Pollution, 232, 546-555, 2018. [link]

2017

  • Chen, Q., Fu, T.-M., Hu, J., Ying, Q., and Zhang, L.: Modeling secondary organic aerosol in China, National Science review, 4(6), 806-809, 2017. [link]
  • Hu, L., D.J. Jacob, X. Liu, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, P.S. Kim, M.P. Sulprizio, and R.M. Yantosca, Global budget of tropospheric ozone: evaluating recent model advances with satellite (OMI), aircraft (IAGOS), and ozonesonde observations, Atmos. Environ., 167, 323-334, 2017. [link]
  • Tao, W., Liu, J. F., Ban-Weiss, G. A., Zhang, L., Zhang, J. C., Yi, K., and Tao, S.: Potential impacts of urban land expansion on Asian airborne pollutant outflows, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 7646–7663, doi:10.1002/2016JD025564, 2017. [link]
  • Zhao, Y., Zhang, L.*, Tai, A. P. K., Chen, Y., and Pan, Y.: Responses of surface ozone air quality to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in the Northern Hemisphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 9781-9796, doi:10.5194/acp-17-9781-2017, 2017. [link] [data]
  • Zhao, H., Li, X., Zhang, Q., Jiang, X., Lin, J., Peters, G. G., Li, M., Geng, G., Zheng, B., Huo, H., Zhang, L., Davis, S. J., and He, K.: Effects of atmospheric transport and trade on air pollution mortality in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10367-10381, doi:10.5194/acp-17-10367-2017, 2017. [link]
  • Li, X., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, M., Zheng, Y., Geng, G., Wallington, T. J., Han, W., Shen, W., and He, K.: Attribution of PM2.5 exposure in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region to emissions: implication to control strategies, Science Bulletin, 62, 957-964, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2017.06.005, 2017. [link]
  • Choi, H.-D., Liu, H., Crawford, J. H., Considine, D. B., Allen, D. J., Duncan, B. N., Horowitz, L. W., Rodriguez, J. M., Strahan, S. E., Zhang, L., Liu, X., Damon, M. R., and Steenrod, S. D.: Global O3-CO Correlations in a Chemistry and Transport Model during July–August: Evaluation with TES Satellite Observations and Sensitivity to Input Meteorological Data and Emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8429-8452, 2017. [link]
  • Xuejun Liu, Wen Xu, Lei Duan, Enzai Du, Yuepeng Pan, Xiankai Lu, Lin Zhang, Zhiyong Wu, Xuemei Wang, Ying Zhang, Jianlin Shen, Ling Song, Zhaozhong Feng, Xueyan Liu, Wei Song, Aohan Tang, Yangyang Zhang, Xiuying Zhang, and Jeffrey L. Collett: Atmospheric Nitrogen Emission, Deposition, and Air Quality Impacts in China: An Overview, Current Pollution Reports, doi:10.1007/s40726-017-0053-9, 2017. [link]
  • Yuanhong Zhao, Lin Zhang*, Youfan Chen, Xuejun Liu, Wen Xu, Yuepeng Pan, Lei Duan: Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to China: A model analysis on nitrogen budget and critical load exceedance, Atmos. Environ., 153, 32-40, 2017. [pdf] [link]
  • Y.P. Pan, Y.W. Liu, G. R. Wentworth, L. Zhang, Y.H. Zhao, Y. Li, X.J. Liu, E. Du, Y. Fang, H. Xiao, H. Ma, Y.S. Wang, Letter to the editor: Critical assessments of the current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs concerning the ecological effects of elevated atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China, Atmos. Environ., 153, 109-116, 2017. [link]
  • Xu, W., Song, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, L., Zhao, Y., Liu, D., Tang, A., Yang, D., Wang, D., Wen, Z., Pan, Y., Fowler, D., Collett Jr., J. L., Erisman, J. W., Goulding, K., Li, Y., and Zhang, F.: Air Quality Improvement in a Megacity: Implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue Pollution-Control Actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 31-46, doi:10.5194/acp-17-31-2017, 2017. [link]

2016

  • Xiao Lu, Lin Zhang*, Xu Yue, Jiachen Zhang, Daniel A. Jaffe, Andreas Stohl, Yuanhong Zhao, Jingyuan Shao, Wildfire influences on the variability and trend of summer surface ozone in the US Intermountain West, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,16, 14687-14702, doi:10.5194/acp-16-14687-2016, 2016. [link]
  • Xiaosheng Luo, Yuepeng Pan, Keith Goulding, Lin Zhang, Xuejun Liu, Fusuo Zhang, Spatial and seasonal variations of atmospheric sulfur concentrations and dry deposition at 16 rural and suburban sites in China, Atmos. Environ., 146, 79-89, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.038, 2016. [link]
  • Lin Zhang, Jingyuan Shao, Xiao Lu, Yuanhong Zhao, Yongyun Hu, Daven K. Henze, Hong Liao, Sunling Gong, Qiang Zhang: Sources and processes affecting fine particulate matter pollution over North China: an adjoint analysis of the Beijing APEC period, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50 (16), 8731–8740, 2016. [pdf] [link]
  • Mauricio Santillana, Lin Zhang, Robert Yantosca, Estimating numerical errors due to operator splitting in global atmospheric chemistry models: transport and chemistry, Journal Of Computational Physics, 305, 372–386, doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.10.052, 2016. [pdf]

2015

  • Xu, W., Luo, X. S., Pan, Y. P., Zhang, L., Tang, A. H., Shen, J. L., Zhang, Y., Li, K. H., Wu, Q. H., Yang, D. W., Zhang, Y. Y., Xue, J., Li, W. Q., Li, Q. Q., Tang, L., Lu, S. H., Liang, T., Tong, Y. A., Liu, P., Zhang, Q., Xiong, Z. Q., Shi, X. J., Wu, L. H., Shi, W. Q., Tian, K., Zhong, X. H., Shi, K., Tang, Q. Y., Zhang, L. J., Huang, J. L., He, C. E., Kuang, F. H., Zhu, B., Liu, H., Jin, X., Xin, Y. J., Shi, X. K., Du, E. Z., Dore, A. J., Tang, S., Collett Jr., J. L., Goulding, K., Zhang, F. S., and Liu, X. J.: Quantifying atmospheric nitrogen deposition through a nationwide monitoring network across China, Atmos. Chem. Phys.，15, 12345-12360, 2015. [link]
  • Yuanhong Zhao, Lin Zhang, Yuepeng Pan, Yuesi Wang, Fabien Paulot, Daven K. Henze: Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the northwestern Pacific: seasonal variation and source attribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10905-10924, doi:10.5194/acp-15-10905-2015, 2015. [link]
  • Lin Zhang, Licheng Liu, Yuanhong Zhao, Sunling Gong, Xiaoye Zhang, Daven K. Henze, Shannon L. Capps, Tzung-May Fu, Qiang Zhang：Source Attribution of Particulate Matter Pollution over North China with the Adjoint Method, Environmental Research Letters, 10, 084011, 10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084011, 2015. [pdf]
  • W. Tao, J. Liu, G. A. Ban-Weiss, D. A. Hauglustaine, L. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Cheng, Y. Yu, and S. Tao: Effects of urban land expansion on the regional meteorology and air quality of Eastern China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8597-8614, doi:10.5194/acp-15-8597-2015, 2015. [link]
  • Y. Wang, Y. Xie, L. Cai, W. Dong, Q. Zhang, L. Zhang: Impact of the 2011 southern US drought on ground-level fine aerosol concentration in summertime, J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 1075-1093, 10.1175/jas-d-14-0197.1, 2015. [link]

2013-2014

  • E.A. Marais, , D.J. Jacob, K. Wecht, C. Lerot, L. Zhang, K. Yu, T.P. Kurosu, K. Chance, B. Sauvage, Anthropogenic emissions in Nigeria and implications for atmospheric ozone pollution: A view from space, Atmos. Environ., 99, 32–40, 2014. [pdf]
  • YY Yan, JT Lin, Y Kuang, D Yang, L Zhang: Tropospheric carbon monoxide over the Pacific during HIPPO: two-way coupled simulation of GEOS-Chem and its multiple nested models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12649-12663, 2014. [pdf]
  • Sajeev Philip, and coauthors including L. Zhang: Global Chemical Composition of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter for Exposure Assessment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48 (22), 13060–13068, 2014. [pdf]
  • A.M. Fiore, J.T. Oberman, M.Y. Lin, L. Zhang, O.E. Clifton, D.J. Jacob, V. Naik, L.W. Horowitz, J.P. Pinto, G.P. Milly: Estimating North American background ozone in US surface air with two independent global models: Variability, uncertainties, and recommendations, Atmos. Environ., 96, 284–300, 2014. [pdf]
  • Zhang, L., Jacob, D. J., Yue, X., Downey, N. V., Wood, D. A., and Blewitt, D.: Sources contributing to background surface ozone in the US Intermountain West, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 5295-5309, 2014. [pdf]
  • Vinken, G. C. M., Boersma, K. F., van Donkelaar, A., and Zhang, L.: Constraints on ship NOx emissions in Europe using GEOS-Chem and OMI satellite NO2 observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 1353-1369, 2014. [pdf]
  • Zoogman, P., Jacob, D.J., Chance, K., Worden, H.M., Edwards, D.P., Zhang, L.: Improved monitoring of surface ozone by joint assimilation of geostationary satellite observations of ozone and CO, Atmos. Environ., 84,254–261, 2014. [pdf]
  • Ellis, R. A., Jacob, D. J., Payer, M., Zhang, L., Holmes, C. D., Schichtel, B. A., Blett, T., Porter, E., Pardo, L. H., and Lynch, J. A.: Present and future nitrogen deposition to national parks in the United States: critical load exceedances, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9083-9095, 2013. [pdf]

2011-2012

  • van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Pasch, A. N., Szykman, J. J., Zhang, L., Wang, Y. X., and Chen, D.: Improving the Accuracy of Daily Satellite-Derived Ground-Level Fine Aerosol Concentration Estimates for North America, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 11971-11978, 2012. [pdf]
  • Zhang, L., D. J. Jacob, E. M. Knipping, N. Kumar, J. W. Munger, C. C. Carouge, A. van Donkelaar, Y.X. Wang, D. Chen, Nitrogen deposition to the United States: distribution, sources, and processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4539-4554, 2012. [pdf]
  • Zhao, Y., C. P. Nielsen, M. B. McElroy, L. Zhang, and J. Zhang, CO emissions in China: Uncertainties and implications of improved energy efficiency and emission control, Atmos. Environ., 49, 103-113, 2012. [pdf]
  • Tai, A, L J Mickley, D J Jacob, EM Leibensperger, L Zhang, J. Fisher, H. Pye: Meteorological modes of variability for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) air quality in the United States: implications for PM 2.5 sensitivity to climate change, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12 (6), 3131-3145, 2012. [pdf]
  • Ridder, T., Gerbig, C., Notholt, J., Rex, M., Schrems, O., Warneke, T., and Zhang, L., Ship-borne FTIR measurements of CO and O3 in the Western Pacific from 43° N to 35° S: an evaluation of the sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 815-828, 2012. [pdf]
  • McDonald-Buller, E.C., D.T. Allen, and co-authors including L. Zhang, Establishing policy relevant background (PRB) ozone concentrations in the United States, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 9,484-9,497, 2011. [pdf]
  • Zoogman, P., D.J. Jacob, K. Chance, L. Zhang, P. Le Sager, A.M. Fiore, A. Eldering, X. Liu, V. Natraj, S.S. Kulawik, Ozone Air Quality Measurement Requirements for a Geostationary Satellite Mission, Atmos. Environ., 45, 7,143-7,150, 2011. [pdf]
  • Zhang, L., D.J. Jacob, N.V. Smith-Downey, D.A. Wood, D. Blewitt, C.C. Carouge, A. van Donkelaar, D.B.A. Jones, L.T. Murray, and Y. Wang, Improved estimate of the policy-relevant background ozone in the United States using the GEOS-Chem global model with 1/2ox2/3o horizontal resolution over North America, Atmos. Environ., 45, 6769-6776, 2011. [pdf]

2009-2010

  • Zhang, L., D. J. Jacob, X. Liu, J. A. Logan, K. Chance, A. Eldering, and B.R. Bojkov, Intercomparison methods for satellite measurements of atmospheric composition: application to tropospheric ozone from TES and OMI, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4725-4739, 2010. [pdf]
  • Zhang, L., Intercontinental transport of air pollution, Front. Environ. Sci. Engin. China, 4(1), 20-29, 2010. [pdf]
  • Fairlie, T. D., D. J. Jacob, J. E. Dibb, B. Alexander, M. A. Avery, , A. van Donkelaar, and L. Zhang, Impact of mineral dust on nitrate, sulfate, and ozone in transpacific Asian pollution plumes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3999-4012, 2010. [pdf]
  • Kopacz, M., D.J. Jacob, J.A. Fisher, J.A. Logan, L. Zhang, I.A. Megretskaia, et al., Global estimates of CO sources with high resolution by adjoint inversion of multiple satellite datasets (MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, TES), Atmos. Chem. Phys.,10, 855-876, 2010. [pdf]
  • Zhang, L., D. J. Jacob, M. Kopacz, D. K. Henze, K. Singh, and D. A. Jaffe, Intercontinental source attribution of ozone pollution at western U.S. sites using an adjoint method, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L11810, 2009.[pdf]
  • Nassar, R., J. A. Logan, I. A. Megretskaia, L. T. Murray, L. Zhang, and D. B. A. Jones, Analysis of tropical tropospheric ozone, carbon monoxide and water vapor during the 2006 El Niño using TES observations and the GEOS-Chem model, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D17304, doi:10.1029/2009JD011760, 2009. [pdf]

 2008 & before

  • Zhang, L., D. J. Jacob, K. F. Boersma, D. A. Jaffe, J. R. Olson, K. W. Bowman, J. R. Worden, A. M. Thompson, M. A. Avery, R. C. Cohen, J. E. Dibb, F. M. Flocke, H. E. Fuelberg, L. G. Huey, W. W. McMillan, H. B. Singh, and A. J. Weinheimer, Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6117-6136, 2008. [pdf]
  • Tanimoto, H., Y. Sawa, S. Yonemura, K. Yumimoto, H. Matsueda, I. Uno, T. Hayasaka, H. Mukai, Y. Tohjima, K. Tsuboi, and L. Zhang, Diagnosing recent CO emissions and ozone evolution in East Asia using coordinated surface observations, adjoint inverse modeling, and MOPITT satellite data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3867-3880, 2008. [pdf]
  • Logan, J. A., I. A. Megretskaia, R. Nassar, L. T. Murray, L. Zhang, K. W. Bowman, H. M. Worden, and M. Luo, Effects of the 2006 El Nino on tropospheric composition as revealed by data from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03816, doi:10.1029/2007GL031698, 2008. [pdf]
  • Zhang, L., D. J. Jacob, K. W. Bowman, J. Logan, S. Turquety, R. C. Hudman, Q. Li, R. Beer, H. M. Worden, J. R. Worden, C. P. Rinsland, S. S. Kulawik, M. C. Lampel, M. W. Shephard, B. M. Fisher, A. Eldering, and M. A. Avery, Ozone-CO correlations determined by the TES satellite instrument in continental outflow regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L18804, doi:10.1029/2006GL026399, 2006. [pdf]
  • Kulawik, S. S., Worden, J., Eldering, A., Bowman, K., Gunson, M., Osterman, G. B., Zhang, L., Clough, S. A., Shephard, M. W., Beer, R., Implementation of cloud retrievals for Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) atmospheric retrievals: part 1. Description and characterization of errors on trace gas retrievals, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24204, doi:10.1029/2005JD006733, 2006. [pdf]