科研成果 by Year: 2016

目的研究遗传因素作用于空腹血糖(FPG)水平的模式,为探讨复杂性疾病的遗传方式、寻找疾病主效基因提供依据。方法本研究采用家系研究设计,在课题组前期收集的慢性病家系队列中,选取符合条件的非糖尿病家系285个,其中核心家系17个,同胞对387对。采用S.A.G.E.6.3软件分析家系中不同亲属间FPG水平的相关性,并对家系中FPG水平进行分离分析,筛选出家系中FPG水平传递的最佳模型。结果研究共纳入686名研究对象,其FPG水平的中位数(四分位数间距)为5.0(1.0)mmol/L,其中,先证者的FPG水平为5.0(1.1)mmol/L。家系中母-子(n=54,相关性系数为0.422 4,P<0.01)、母-女(n=41,相关性系数为0.435 7,P<0.01)、姐妹间(n=91,相关性系数为0.341 3,P<0.01)的相关性有统计学意义,而配偶(n=17)、父-女(n=26)、父-子(n=29)、兄弟间(n=119)以及异性同胞间(n=177)FPG水平的相关性均无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示,性别可能影响家系中FPG的水平。混合分离分析显示,三均值模型的赤池信息量准则(Akaike’s Information Criteria,AIC)值(1 664.728)最小,此模型最佳,提示在该家系中存在影响FPG水平的主效应因素。进一步复杂分离分析显示,与一般模型相比,孟德尔遗传模型和共显性模型均被拒绝(P<0.01);而环境模型与一般模型无统计学差异(P>0.05),且其AIC值最小,为最佳模型。结论家系中FPG水平的分布不存在主效基因效应,FPG的水平主要受环境因素影响。

构建了基于正交设计-水质模拟-方案评价的污染物总量控制方案的方法体系,并应用于滇池流域.选择TN、TP作为总量控制指标,将滇池流域划分为6个子区单元,通过设计5水平(0%,5%,10%,15%,20%)6因素的正交试验表,得到25种不同削减方案;耦合EFDC模型模拟得到25种不同削减情景条件下湖泊水质的TN、TP浓度分布,计算各方案综合营养状态指数(TSI),筛选符合中度富营养化标准(60

提出一种新的分析DNS 查询行为的方法, 用深度学习机制将被查询域名和请求查询的主机分别映射到向量空间, 域名或主机的关联分析转化成向量的运算. 通过对2 组真实的校园网DNS 日志数据集的处理, 发现该方法很好地保持了关联特性, 使用降维处理以及聚类分析, 不仅可以让人直观地发现隐含的关联关系, 还有助于发现网络中的异常问题如botnet 等.

对用户信息素养水平的准确把握是开展信息素养工作的基础。文章针对国内高校信息素养教育欠缺统一评测标准和常态化评测机制的问题,论述构建适合高校发展目标和需求的信息素养评测指标体系,以及融合评测、学习等功能于一身的信息素养在线评测平台,在此基础上设计信息素养评测方案,旨在让高校师生更加关注自身信息素养的提升。

New particle formation (NPF) and its subsequent growth plays a key role in air quality and climate change at regional and global scales. Especially under complex air pollution in China, nucleation and growth can be highly efficient, claimed to be a main source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and an important cause of secondary aerosol pollution. Currently, the mechanism of particle formation and growth as well as its environmental effects are still poorly understood. Thereby, fully understanding of the atmospheric nucleation and subsequent growth still presents a big challenge to atmospheric chemistry researches. This study reviews the current results from studies on mechanisms and environmental effects of atmospheric nucleation and growth. We summarize that traditional nucleation theories such as binary nucleation of H2SO4-H2O, ternary nucleation of H2SO4-NH3-H2O, ion-induced nucleation are not capable in explaining new particle formation under complex air pollution, while newly proposed mechanisms such as organic acids and amine induced nucleation were not verified because of technique limitation. We propose that the future researches should focus on identifying the key chemical precursor response for driving nucleation and initial and subsequent growth, and understand the physical and chemical processing of new particle formation and growth. In particularly, application and development of novel techniques, such as APi-TOF-CIMS, PSM, Nano-HTDMA in new particle formation study is very important. Also, future researches should establish whole process tracking on new particle formation, from precursor, nucleation, growth till the environmental effects, by integrating field observation, chamber simulation, and modelling. Currently, the mechanism of highly efficient nucleation and rapid growth taking place under complex air pollution in China is urgently needed to be in-depth studied in order to improve our understanding of regional haze formation. This could be helpful to understand the similarity and difference in the nucleation mechanism between clean and polluted atmospheric environments.

PM_(2.5)引致的雾霾现象,不仅昭示中国严峻的大气污染形势及健康风险,同时,也带来能见度下降等问题。能见度降低不仅直接影响交通等社会经济活动的正常进行,同时也对民众的生活质量产生影响。在人们对环境质量和生活品质的认识、理解和诉求不断提升的背景下,良好的大气能见度成为具有稀缺性同时也与民众生活质量密切相关的公共环境资源。对大气能见度进行环境经济价值评估是环境经济学研究的前沿领域。文章对国际上大气能见度价值评估的研究和实践进展进行了梳理和评述,重点对内涵资产价值评估法、条件价值评估法、联合分析法和选择实验法等方法在能见度价值评估中的进展进行了总结和比较,并对中国开展大气能见度价值评估提出研究展望。