Objective To explore the relationship between persistent organic pollutants exposure and DNA damage repair in the residents in electronic waste disposing area (e-waste area). Methods Peripheral blood persistent organic pollutants contents of the residents (n=23) in e-waste area and control area(n=25) were determined in a region of north China. The expression of 126 genes of DNA damage repair pathway in the blood samples of two groups was determined by RNA-seq in November, 2011. Results Various POPs showed significantly higher concentration in the exposed group than those in non-exposed group. A total of 17 genes showed differential expression,four (NEIL3, EXO1,MA PK12 and TP73) of which showed significant differential expression between the two groups. A total of nine genes were up-regulated and eight genes were down -regulated among 17 differential expression genes. Interestingly,the expression of certain genes,i.e., MA PK12, EXO1, NTHL1, GADD45G, RA D51, RAD51B appeared to be more significantly different merely among the females of the exposed and non-exposed group,while the expression of RA D54L, DMC1, BBC3, UNG, XRCC6BP1, TP73 merely occurred differential among the males. Conclusion POPs contents in peripheral blood of residents in e -waste area increased significantly, DNA damage repair -related genes expression condition has changed. The differential expression of genes in DNA damage repair system participates in various DNA damage repair pathway and has an effect on it. Gender difference may exist in response to POPs-mediated DNA damage.目的了解电子垃圾处理区域人群中持久性有机污染物(POPs)暴露与DNA损伤修复的关系。方法于2011年11月,检测某电子垃圾处理区域居民(暴露组 ,n=23)及非暴露地区居民(非暴露组,n=25)外周血POPs含量。以RNA测序比较两组血样中DNA损伤修复通路中126个基因的表达情况。结果 暴露组人群外周血多氯联苯(PCBs)、多溴联苯醚(BDEs)、得克隆(DP)的含量高于非暴露组;17个基因出现差异表达,其中NEIL3、EXO1 、MAPK12、TP73表达出现统计学差异。17个差异表达基因中9个基因下调,8个基因上调。MAPK12、EXO1、NTHL1、GADD45G、 RAD51、RAD51B仅在女性暴露组和非暴露组间出现差异;而RAD54L、DMC1、BBC3、UNG、XRCC6BP1、TP73仅在男性出现差 异表达。结论本次调查的电子垃圾处理区域人群外周血POPs含量高于非暴露组,DNA损伤修复相关基因表达量存在一定差异。机体对POPs所致DNA损伤 的应答机制可能存在性别差异。
A donor copolymer Poly\2,6-4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b]dithiophene-5,8-2,3-b is(5-octylthiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline\ (PBDTThQx) with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene and quinoxaline derivatives was synthesized and characterized with NMR, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and cyclic voltammetry. Photovoltaic devices with the configuration indium tin oxide-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate)-PBDTThQx-[6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM)-LiF-Al were fabricated, in which PBDTThQx performed as the electron donor and PC61BM was the electron acceptor in the active layer. The device presented reasonable photovoltaic properties when the weight ratio of PBDTThQx:PC61BM reached 1:3. The open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency were gauged to be 0.75 V, 0.59, and 0.74%, respectively. The experimental data implied that PBDTThQx would be a promising donor candidate in the application of polymer solar cells. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40279.
The interface energy theory developed by Huang et al. is further extended to incorporate the effect of the residual interface stresses on the effective specific heats of multiphase thermoelastic nanocomposites. First, a micromechanics-based method is employed to derive the expressions of the effective specific heats at constant-strain and constant-stress of the composites. Second, in order to take into account the influence of the interface stresses on the overall properties of the nanocomposites, a thermoelastic interface constitutive relation expressed in terms of the first Piola-Kirchhoff interface stresses and the Lagrangian description of the generalized Young-Laplace equations are presented. Finally, by means of the Helmholtz free energy of the "equivalent inclusion" (the inclusion together with its interface), analytical expressions of the size-dependent effective specific heats of the nanocomposites are obtained. The model is illustrated by an example of a "three-phase thermoelastic composite" showing that the overall properties of the nanocomposites are influenced by the "residual interface stresses," which was sometimes ignored in the literature.
The interface energy theory developed by Huang et al. is further extended to incorporate the effect of the residual interface stresses on the effective specific heats of multiphase thermoelastic nanocomposites. First, a micromechanics-based method is employed to derive the expressions of the effective specific heats at constant-strain and constant-stress of the composites. Second, in order to take into account the influence of the interface stresses on the overall properties of the nanocomposites, a thermoelastic interface constitutive relation expressed in terms of the first Piola-Kirchhoff interface stresses and the Lagrangian description of the generalized Young-Laplace equations are presented. Finally, by means of the Helmholtz free energy of the "equivalent inclusion" (the inclusion together with its interface), analytical expressions of the size-dependent effective specific heats of the nanocomposites are obtained. The model is illustrated by an example of a "three-phase thermoelastic composite" showing that the overall properties of the nanocomposites are influenced by the "residual interface stresses," which was sometimes ignored in the literature.
Human activities usually leave footprints in the environment. By using 454 pyrosequencing, the impact of effluent from an industrial park on the coastal microecology in Hangzhou Bay, China, was interpreted by analysing the microbial communities of the activated sludge from three wastewater treatment plants and the sediment from the effluent receiving area. Based on richness and biodiversity, the sediments were more diversified than the activated sludge, although the seawater environment was highly contaminated. Both bacterial and archaeal communities were niche-determined. The bacterial phylum Proteobacteria dominated in all samples; and certain pollutant-resistant genera, such as Thauera and Truepera, were found in all samples. Archaeal phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota dominated the activated sludge and sediment samples, respectively. According to the analysis of shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and reads among different samples, more bacterial OTUs and reads were shared between two samples from sites with a direct effluent connection, showing a clear correlation between the wastewater treatment plants and the effluent receiving bay area. The impact of second-hand pollution can be evaluated by comparing the bacterial community in different eco-environments with a direct effluent connection, especially when pristine samples are not available.