We report on the role of hydrogen (forming gas) post-metal annealing to passivate border traps in Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As (100) gate stacks and of bias temperature stress treatments to generate/depassivate such traps. Experiments are carried out with Pd metal gates that efficiently dissociate molecular hydrogen during forming gas annealing, and they make use of InGaAs epitaxial layer substrates that are capped with arsenic after completion of their growth, to avoid unintentional oxide formation and disorder at the channel surface prior to atomic layer deposition of the Al2O3 gate dielectric. We find that forming gas anneal (FGA) greatly reduces both the interface trap density and border trap density measured in the gate stacks, but that the effectiveness of FGA for border trap passivation saturates for anneals with thermal budgets greater than 450°C/30 min. Both negative and positive bias temperature stress treatments are found to have no effect on the extracted border trap densities compared to non-treated capacitors.
Laser proton acceleration can be enhanced by using target ablation, due to the energetic electrons generated in the ablation preplasma. When the ablation pulse matches main pulse, the enhancement gets optimized because the electrons' energy density is highest. A scaling law between the ablation pulse and main pulse is confirmed by the simulation, showing that for given CPA pulse and target, proton energy improvement can be achieved several times by adjusting the target ablation. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
In multiphase particulate composites, the deviation and mismatch of the elastic moduli of different particles may significantly affect the overall mechanical performance of the composites. This study investigates the effects of such deviations on the macroscopic properties of multiphase composites via an iterative micromechanics-based method. The elastic properties of the particles are assumed to obey certain statistical distributions. In the proposed iterative method, the composites are divided into multiple two-phase composites and their strain concentration tensors are derived by means of the inclusion matrix-reference medium model, which is a modification of the generalized self-consistent method. Iterative solutions are established that take into account the effects of the variation in the elastic properties of the particles in terms of the effective shear and bulk moduli. The findings show that the proposed iterative method converges quickly and that the results agree well with the experimental data for three-phase composites. In addition, the model indicates that the variation in the elastic properties of the particles does have a significant effect on the effective moduli of the composites. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
In multiphase particulate composites, the deviation and mismatch of the elastic moduli of different particles may significantly affect the overall mechanical performance of the composites. This study investigates the effects of such deviations on the macroscopic properties of multiphase composites via an iterative micromechanics-based method. The elastic properties of the particles are assumed to obey certain statistical distributions. In the proposed iterative method, the composites are divided into multiple two-phase composites and their strain concentration tensors are derived by means of the inclusion matrix-reference medium model, which is a modification of the generalized self-consistent method. Iterative solutions are established that take into account the effects of the variation in the elastic properties of the particles in terms of the effective shear and bulk moduli. The findings show that the proposed iterative method converges quickly and that the results agree well with the experimental data for three-phase composites. In addition, the model indicates that the variation in the elastic properties of the particles does have a significant effect on the effective moduli of the composites. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on mineral dust seems to be an important sink for SO2. However, kinetic data about this reaction on authentic mineral dust are scarce and are mainly limited to low relative humidity (RH) conditions. In addition, little is known about the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in this reaction. Here, we investigated the uptake kinetics of SO2 on three authentic mineral dusts (i.e., Asian mineral dust (AMD), Tengger desert dust (TDD), and Arizona test dust (ATD)) in the absence and presence of H2O2 at different RHs using a filter-based flow reactor, and applied a parameter (effectiveness factor) to the estimation of the effective surface area of particles for the calculation of the corrected uptake coefficient (γc). We found that with increasing RH, the γc decreases on AMD particles, but increases on ATD and TDD particles. This discrepancy is probably due to the different mineralogy compositions and aging extents of
these dust samples. Furthermore, the presence of H2O2 can promote the uptake of SO2 on mineral dust at different RHs. The probable explanations are that H2O2 rapidly reacts with SO2 on mineral dust in the presence of adsorbed water, and OH radicals, which can be produced from the heterogeneous decomposition of H2O2 on the mineral dust, immediately react with adsorbed SO2 as well. Our results suggest that the removal of SO2 via the heterogeneous reaction on mineral dust is an important sink for SO2 and has the potential to alter the physicochemical properties (e.g., ice nucleation ability) of mineral dust particles in the atmosphere.
He W, Feng Y, Zou L, Zhao D. Knowledge Base Completion Using Matrix Factorization, in Web Technologies and Applications - 17th Asia-PacificWeb Conference, APWeb 2015, Guangzhou, China, September 18-20, 2015, Proceedings.; 2015:256–267.
Surface reactions of 2,5-diethynyl-1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)-benzene on Ag(111), Ag(110), and Ag(100) were systematically explored and scrutinized by scanning tunneling microscopy, molecular mechanics simulations, and density functional theory calculations. On Ag(111), Glaser coupling reaction became dominant, yielding one-dimensional molecular wires formed by covalent bonds. On Ag(110) and Ag(100), however, the terminal alkynes reacted with surface metal atoms, leading to one-dimensional organometallic nanostructures. Detailed experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that such a lattice dependence of the terminal alkyne reaction at surfaces originated from the matching degree between the periodicities of the produced molecular wires and the substrate lattice structures.
Human action recognition is widely recognized as a challenging task due to the difficulty of effectively characterizing human action in a complex scene. Recent studies have shown that the dense-trajectory-based methods can achieve state-of-the-art recognition results on some challenging datasets. However, in these methods, each dense trajectory is often represented as a vector of coordinates, consequently losing the structural relationship between different trajectories. To address the problem, this paper proposes a novel Deep Trajectory Descriptor (DTD) for action recognition. First, we extract dense trajectories from multiple consecutive frames and then project them onto a canvas. This will result in a “trajectory texture” image which can effectively characterize the relative motion in these frames. Based on these trajectory texture images, a deep neural network (DNN) is utilized to learn a more compact and powerful representation of dense trajectories. In the action recognition system, the DTD descriptor, together with other non-trajectory features such as HOG, HOF and MBH, can provide an effective way to characterize human action from various aspects. Experimental results show that our system can statistically outperform several state-of-the-art approaches, with an average accuracy of 95:6% on KTH and an accuracy of 92.14% on UCF50.
Lucian’s short pamphlet Ἀλέξανδρος ἢ Ψευδόμαντις (Alexander, or The False Prophet) gives an account on how a conjurer by the name of Alexander concocted a syncretistic snake oracle to victimize Paphlagonians. Alexander met resistence, however. Lucian claims that Amastris in particular was Alexander’s most despised city in Pontus, because “the followers of Lepidus and others like them were numerous in the city; and he would never deliver an oracle to an Amastrian” (Luc. Alex. 25).
While the snake oracle is widely attested on coins, statues and iconography, there is no corroborating evidence on Alexander of Abonuteichos and Lepidus of Amastris beyond Lucian’s text. Yet, scholars used two inscriptions mentioning a Tiberius Claudius Lepidus (CIG 4149 & 4150, now lost) to establish Lepidus as a historical figure (Robert 1980: 146; Marek 1993: 98; Gordon 1996: 114; Victor 1997: 151). The rationale behind this identification, however, seems to have only been based on the identical cognomen and the hypothesis that the inscribed Lepidus, being an archpriest of Pontus (ἀρχιερεύς τοὺ Πόντου), controlled both the sacred and the profane domains of Amastris.
After a literature review concerning the historicity of Lucian’s Alexander and Lucian’s Lepidus, this paper presents a close reading of the Lepidus inscriptions from Amastris previous studies. Since previous studies seldom considered the definitions and functions of the different types of archpriesthood found in Amastris, this paper studies Amastrian inscriptions and associated literature to establish context. A reassessment of the hypothesis that Lepidus controlled the religious domain of Amastris during the Antonine period will conclude the paper.
Eighty-seven soil samples collected from North China were analyzed for decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE). The concentrations of DBDPE ranged from undetectable to 1612 ng/g, with the highest concentration present in Shandong. Additionally, the mean concentration of DBDPE in Shandong was found to be onefold higher than those found in Hebei and Shanxi, likely due to DBDPE production in Shandong. Relatively high concentrations of DBDPE in soils were also present in the south of Tianjin, where e-waste recycling may provide a source in this region. The fractions of DBDPE [DBDPE/(DBDPE + BDE209)] were lower than 0.5 in most soil samples, in agreement with the fact that deca-BDE is currently the main additive in brominated flame retardants (BFR) used in China. An obvious decreasing trend in DBDPE concentrations from east to west in North China was noted, with relatively higher DBDPE concentrations present in Shandong. A soil ingestion exposure assessment showed that for most sites, soil ingestion EDI was slightly lower than inhalation EDI; exceptions were found in several polluted sites, where soil ingestion was a more significant exposure route.
The oxidation mechanism in self-terminating wet etching technique with thermal oxidation of AlGaN layer followed by etching in KOH solution is investigated. Spike-shape remnants of oxidised AlGaN are observed at the initial stage of wet etching in KOH solution, which could be completely etched away after enough etching time. Transmission electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis indicates the existence of crystalline AlGaN inside the remnants. Finally, a possible explanation is given that the oxide channels from AlGaN surface towards AlGaN/GaN interface generated during thermal oxidation are firstly etched away at the initial stage of KOH wet etching, then after enough time these remnants with non-c axis crystal orientation surfaces exposed to KOH solution could be completely etched away leaving GaN layer beneath unaffected, which realises self-terminating etching.
Interest point detection is a fundamental approach to feature extraction in computer vision tasks. To handle the scale invariance, interest points usually work on the scale-space representation of an image. In this letter, we propose a novel block-wise scale-space representation to significantly reduce the computational complexity of an interest point detector. Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filtering is applied to implement the block-wise scale-space representation. Extensive comparison experiments have shown the block-wise scale-space representation enables the efficient and effective implementation of an interest point detector in terms of memory and time complexity reduction, as well as promising performance in visual search.