LIAN-MAO PENG received the B.S. degree in physical electronics from Peking University, Beijing, China, in 1982 and the Ph.D. degree in physics from Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, in 1988. From May to December 1988, he visited the University of Oslo as a visiting scientist. He spent the following six years working at the University of Oxford, first as a research assistant and then Glasstone Research Fellow at the University of Oxford. He returned to China in 1995, first as a Senior Research Scientist at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and then joined the faculty of the Peking University and became the Yangzi Professor of Nanoscale Science and Technology in 1999, the Director of the Center for Carbon based Nanoelectronics in 2015, and the Dean of the School of Electronics in 2021. He currently serves as the Vice Chairman of the China Vacuum Society, a member of the Editorial Advisory Board for Advanced Functional Materials, and an Advisory Editor for the journal Research. He has authored or coauthored more than 400 research papers, with citation of more than 30 000. In 2000, he was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics in the UK, and in 2019, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

He is mainly engaged in research on electron microscopy and carbon-based nanoelectronics. He has served as the chief scientist for four national "973 Programs," major scientific research programs, and key R&D projects, making a series of foundational and pioneering contributions. In the field of electron microscopy, he has developed a theoretical framework that can accurately handle electron diffraction and scattering of general material systems, establishing methods for determining material structures and the necessary parameter databases. In the field of carbon-based electronics, he has developed a set of new technologies for doping-free preparation of carbon-based CMOS integrated circuits, successfully producing carbon nanotube transistors with a gate length of only 5 nanometers, achieving performance surpassing silicon-based devices by more than ten times.

He was awarded the inaugural National Distinguished Youth Science Fund in 1994 and was selected as a special professor of the Ministry of Education's "Changjiang Scholars Program" in 1999. His related achievements have won the second prizes of the National Natural Science Award (2010 and 2016), selected as one of China's top ten scientific and technological advances in higher education (2000 and 2017), China's top ten basic science research news (2000), China's top ten scientific advances (2011), a major landmark original achievement in national science and technology innovation centers (2018), China's top ten research advances in semiconductors (2020 and 2023), and China's top ten science and technology advances news (2023). He has received honors such as the Science and Technology Progress Award from the Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation (2018) and the National Innovation Excellence Award (2017).