Lou, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Lv, D. ; Yin, Y. ; Pei, J. ; He, J. ; Yang, X. ; Cui, X. ; Liu, Y. J. ; Norback, D. ; et al. A Study on Human Perception in Aircraft Cabins and Its Association with Volatile Organic Compounds.
Building and Environment 2022,
219, 109167.
访问链接AbstractMore than 8 million people fly on commercial aircraft each day with approximately 5% having a pre-existing respiratory disease. Thus it is necessary to provide high air quality in aircraft to protect public health. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in aircraft cabins are suspected to contribute to the reported complaints. We investigated concentrations of VOCs, air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentrations in a total of 46 flights, including 26 Chinese domestic flights and 20 international flights. We focused on the data from the cruising phase without meal serving in which the air supply and air recirculation were steady. A total of 284 passengers (i.e., 101 on international flights and 183 on Chinese domestic flights) were invited to participate in questionnaire surveys in this phase. We performed a linear mixed model analysis by controlling for potential confounders (age, gender, smoke habits, and history of allergy) to study associations between VOCs exposures and passengers' complaints. Xylene was significantly associated with irritations of the eyes, nose, and throat on both international and domestic flights, with antilog beta values from 1.12 to 1.28 (p < 0.05). The association of some aldehydes (i.e., nonanal, decanal, and heptanal), which are potential oxidation products with ozone, with passengers' sensory irritations was also significant, especially during international flights (antilog beta values: 1.19–1.22). It indicates that VOCs, especially xylene and aldehydes, in aircraft cabins may influence the perceived indoor air quality and complaints among passengers.
Li, Y. ; Xie, D. ; He, L. ; Zhao, A. ; Wang, L. ; Kreisberg, N. M. ; Jayne, J. ; Liu, Y. J. Dynamics of Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate (Dehp) in the Indoor Air of an Office.
Building and Environment 2022,
223, 109446.
访问链接AbstractLargely limited by measurement technique, dynamics of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the indoor air is not well understood. This study reports time-resolved measurements of airborne concentration of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in an office, using semivolatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography (SV-TAG). The measurements were conducted in two separate periods during the summer-to-fall transition in 2020, each for more than 10 days. The indoor gas-plus-particle DEHP concentration varied by more than one order of magnitude in each observation period, and the temporal pattern exhibited possible influences of the indoor temperature, particle mass concentration, and outdoor DEHP concentrations. Further analysis focusing on window-closed conditions (i.e., with less outdoor contribution) reveals that the DEHP dynamics was primarily driven by variations in the indoor temperature (R2 = 0.85) during the first, warmer period (24–29 °C), and by variations in the particle mass concentration (R2 = 0.83) during the subsequent cooler period (20–23 °C). The unexpected transition of the key driving factor with change of the temperature was qualitatively justified by a simplified mechanistic model. Moreover, the particle fraction of DEHP was measured during the latter, cooler period, and it exhibited strong dependence on particle concentration, which can be fitted assuming gas-particle equilibrium partitioning, with a best-fit apparent partitioning coefficient of 0.053 ± 0.006 m3/$μ$g at 20 ± 1 °C. Overall, these results improve our understanding of real-world SVOC dynamics.
Li, Y. ; He, L. ; Xie, D. ; Zhao, A. ; Wang, L. ; Kreisberg, N. M. ; Jayne, J. ; Liu, Y. J. Strong Temperature Influence and Indiscernible Ventilation Effect on Dynamics of Some Semivolatile Organic Compounds in the Indoor Air of an Office.
Environment International 2022,
165, 107305.
访问链接AbstractMany manmade organic air pollutants are semivolatile and primarily used and exposed indoors. It remains unclear how indoor environmental parameters affect indoor air dynamics of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in real-world indoor conditions, which directly relates to human exposure. By making time-resolved SVOC measurements over multiple weeks in an office, we characterized the indoor air dynamics of six representative SVOCs which were mainly present in the gas phase and of indoor origins, and investigated the effects of the temperature and ventilation rate. The six species include di-isobutyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate, as well as two n-alkanes and two siloxanes. Airborne concentrations of all six SVOCs responded strongly and quickly to changes in the indoor temperature. The temperature dependence of individual species can be well fitted in the form of the van't Hoff equation, and explained 65–86% of the observed variation in the logarithm-transformed concentrations. In contrast, increasing the ventilation rate by a factor of 3–5 for hours at a constant temperature had no discernible influence on the SVOC concentrations. Further kinetic modeling analysis suggests that the observed fast temperature response and indiscernible ventilation effect are both associated with SVOC sorption onto indoor surfaces, which dramatically slows the response of SVOC concentration to changes in the ventilation rate and speeds up the response to changes in the temperature. These results highlight the importance of sorption reservoirs on regulating indoor SVOC dynamics and also have important implications for controlling and assessing indoor air exposure to SVOCs.
Liu, Y. J. ; Mo, J. Real-Time Monitoring of Indoor Organic Compounds. In
Handbook of Indoor Air Quality;
Zhang, Y. ; Hopke, P. K. ; Mandin, C., Eds.; Springer Nature: Singapore, 2022; pp. 1–24.