科研成果 by Year: 2016

2016
Sun W, Li Y, Ye S, Rao H, Yan W, Peng H, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang S, Chen Z, et al. High-performance inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells based on a solution-processed CuOx, hole transport layer. NANOSCALE. 2016;8:10806-10813.Abstract
During the past several years, methylammonium lead halide perovskites have been widely investigated as light absorbers for thin-film photovoltaic cells. Among the various device architectures, the inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells have attracted special attention for their relatively simple fabrication and high efficiencies. Although promising efficiencies have been obtained in the inverted planar geometry based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) as the hole transport material (HTM), the hydrophilicity of the PEDOT:PSS is a critical factor for long-term stability. In this paper, a CuOx hole transport layer from a facile solution-processed method was introduced into the inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. After the optimization of the devices, a champion PCE of 17.1% was obtained with an open circuit voltage (V-oc) of 0.99 V, a short-circuit current (J(sc)) of 23.2 mA cm(-2) and a fill factor (FF) of 74.4%. Furthermore, the unencapsulated device cooperating with the CuOx film exhibited superior performance in the stability test, compared to the device involving the PEDOT:PSS layer, indicating that CuOx could be a promising HTM for replacing PEDOT:PSS in inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells.
Sun W, Li Y, Ye S, Rao H, Yan W, Peng H, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang S, Chen Z, et al. High-performance inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells based on a solution-processed CuOx, hole transport layer. NANOSCALE. 2016;8:10806-10813.
High-resolution historical emission inventories of crop residue burning in fields in China for the period 1990–2013
Li J, Li Y, Bo Y, Xie S. High-resolution historical emission inventories of crop residue burning in fields in China for the period 1990–2013. Atmospheric Environment [Internet]. 2016;138:152–161. 访问链接Abstract
High-resolution historical emission inventories of crop residue burning in fields in China were developed for the period 1990–2013. More accurate time-varying statistical data and locally observed emission factors were utilized to estimate crop residue open burning emissions at provincial level. Then pollutants emissions were allocated to a high spatial resolution of 10 km × 10 km and a high temporal resolution of 1 day based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Fire Product (MOD/MYD14A1). Results show that China’s CO emissions have increased by 5.67 times at an annual average rate of 24% from 1.06 Tg in 1990 to 7.06 Tg in 2013; the emissions of CO2, CH4, NMVOCs, N2O, NOx, NH3, SO2, PM2.5, OC, and BC have increased by 595%, 500%, 608%, 584%, 600%, 600%, 543%, 571%, 775%, and 500%, respectively, over the past 24 years. Spatially, the regions with high emissions had been notable expanding over the years, especially in the central eastern districts, the Northeastern of China, and the Sichuan Basin. Strong temporal pattern were observed with the highest emissions in June, followed by March to May and October. This work provides a better understanding of the spatiotemporal representation of agricultural fire emissions in China and can benefit both air quality modeling and management with improved accuracy.
J Yang#, X Zhang#, J Feng#, H Leng, S Li, S Li, Xiao J, Liu S, Xu Z, Xu J, Li D, et al. The histone chaperone FACT contributes to DNA replication-coupled nucleosome assembly. Cell Reports [Internet]. 2016;14:1128-1141. 访问链接
Wang Z, Fang X, Li L, Bie P, Li Z, Hu J, Zhang B, Zhang J. Historical and projected emissions of HCFC-22 and HFC-410A from China's room air conditioning sector. Atmospheric Environment [Internet]. 2016;132:30-35. 访问链接Abstract
Recent decades witnessed the increase in production and uses of HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF2) and its alternative, HFC-410A (a blend of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane), in China in response to the booming of room air conditioners (RACs) for both domestic use and exports. HCFC-22 is an ozone-depleting substance under the Montreal Protocol, while both HCFC-22 and HFC-410A are greenhouse gases (GHGs). This study provides a most comprehensive consumption and emission inventory of refrigerants emissions (HCFC-22 and HFC-410A) from RAC sector during 1995-2014, for the first time. Our estimates show that HCFC-22 emissions increased from 0.7 Gg/yr in 1995 to 48.2 Gg/yr in 2014. The accumulative emissions contributed to global total HCFCs emissions by 4.4% (3.3%-6.1%) CFC-11-equivalent (CFC-11-eq) and 5.4% (4.1%-7.5%) CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) during 1995-2012. If left uncontrolled, accumulative emissions of HFC-410A will be12.4 (7.1-20.2) CO2-eq Pg during 2015-2050, which can offset the global climate benefits achieved by the Montreal Protocol. The HFC-410A emissions from China's RAC sector are estimated to be of importance to both global HFCs emissions and China's GHG emissions. Further, we probed the emission mitigation performances of the current 2014 North American Proposal scenario and a modified more ambitious scenario. The emissions of two mitigation scenarios are only 28% and 22% of the emissions without mitigation actions, respectively. This study is the first effort to map the transition of eliminated substance HCFC-22 and its alternative HFC-410A in RAC sector. Therefore, alternative chemicals should be scrutinized with cautions before they are promoted and applied. 
Wang Z, Fang X, Li L, Bie P, Li Z, Hu J, Zhang B, Zhang J. Historical and projected emissions of HCFC-22 and HFC-410A from China's room air conditioning sector. Atmospheric EnvironmentAtmospheric Environment. 2016;132:30-35.
Dai C, Zuo X, Cao B, Hu Y*. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous (Fex, Cr1–x)(OH)3 Precipitation: Implications for Cr Sequestration. Environmental Science & Technology [Internet]. 2016;50:1741-1749. LinkAbstract
The formation of (Fe, Cr)(OH)3 nanoparticles determines the fate of aqueous Cr in many aquatic environments. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, precipitation rates of (Fe, Cr)(OH)3 nanoparticles in solution and on quartz were quantified from 0.1 mM Fe(III) solutions containing 0–0.25 mM Cr(III) at pH = 3.7 ± 0.2. Concentration ratio of aqueous Cr(III)/Fe(III) controlled the chemical composition (x) of (Fex, Cr1–x)(OH)3 precipitates, solutions’ supersaturation with respect to precipitates, and the surface charge of quartz. Therefore, the aqueous Cr(III)/Fe(III) ratio affected homogeneous (in solution) and heterogeneous (on quartz) precipitation rates of (Fex, Cr1–x)(OH)3 through different mechanisms. The sequestration mechanisms of Cr(III) in precipitates were also investigated. In solutions with high aqueous Cr(III)/Fe(III) ratios, surface enrichment of Cr(III) on the precipitates occurred, resulting in slower particle growth in solutions. From solutions with 0–0.1 mM Cr(III), the particles on quartz grew from 2 to 4 nm within 1 h. Interestingly, from solution with 0.25 mM Cr(III), particles of two distinct sizes (2 and 6 nm) formed on quartz, and their sizes remained unchanged throughout the reaction. Our study provided new insights on homogeneous and heterogeneous precipitation of (Fex, Cr1–x)(OH)3 nanoparticles, which can help determine the fate of Cr in aquatic environments.
Chui E, Zhao X. Hong Kong. In: International perspectives on older adult education. Springer; 2016. pp. 169-178.
Li T, Cao S, Fan D, Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhao X, Leaderer BP, Shen G, Zhang Y, Duan X. Household concentrations and personal exposure of PM2.5 among urban residents using different cooking fuels. Science of the Total Environment [Internet]. 2016;548:6-12. 访问链接
Wang J, Zhang L, Huang J. How could we realize a win–win strategy on irrigation price policy? Evaluation of a pilot reform project in Hebei Province, China. Journal of Hydrology. 2016;539:379–391.
Guo Q, Liu C, Ma G. How Large is the Local Fiscal Multiplier? Evidence from Chinese Counties. Journal of Comparative Economics [Internet]. 2016. 访问链接
郑江丽, 董延军, 王森, 周丰. HSPF模型在滇池流域水文模拟中的应用. 人民珠江人民珠江. 2016;37:34-39.Abstract
针对滇池流域入河河道较多、人为因素影响突出等特点,提出基于HSPF模型的入湖水量模拟方法,采用资料较齐全的2个子流域、连续3年的逐日流量数据对模型进行了校准,在此基础上采用连续3年的流量数据对模型进行验证,选择相对误差(RE)、相关系数(R2)、Nash-Suttcliffe效率系数(Ens)对模型的适用性进行评价。研究结果表明,模型在滇池流域的水文模拟结果比较理想,在年径流量、季度流量还是日径流量模拟都得到较好的效果,这表明HSPF模型在研究区对流域长期连续的径流量模拟具有较好的适用性。
Wang B, Li N, Deng F, Buglak N, Park G, Su S, Ren A, Shen G, Tao S, Guo X. Human bronchial epithelial cell injuries induced by fine particulate matter from sandstorm and non-sandstorm periods: Association with particle constituents. Journal of Environmental Sciences [Internet]. 2016;47:201-210. 访问链接
Fang X, Velders GJ, Ravishankara AR, Molina MJ, Hu J, Prinn RG. Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) Emissions in China: An Inventory for 2005-2013 and Projections to 2050. Environ Sci TechnolEnviron Sci Technol. 2016;50:2027-34.Abstract
Many hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that are widely used as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (now regulated under the Montreal Protocol) are very potent greenhouse gases (GHGs). China's past and future HFC emissions are of great interest because China has emerged as a major producer and consumer of HFCs. Here, we present for the first time a comprehensive inventory estimate of China's HFC emissions during 2005-2013. Results show a rapid increase in HFC production, consumption, and emissions in China during the period and that the emissions of HFC with a relatively high global warming potential (GWP) grew faster than those with a relatively low GWP. The proportions of China's historical HFC CO2-equivalent emissions to China's CO2 emissions or global HFC CO2-equivalent emissions increased rapidly during 2005-2013. Using the "business-as-usual" (BAU) scenario, in which HFCs are used to replace a significant fraction of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in China (to date, there are no regulations on HFC uses in China), emissions of HFCs are projected to be significant components of China's and global future GHG emissions. However, potentials do exist for minimizing China's HFC emissions (for example, if regulations on HFC uses are established in China). Our findings on China's historical and projected HFC emission trajectories could also apply to other developing countries, with important implications for mitigating global GHG emissions.
Huang LB, Zhao Y, Li H, Chen ZM. Hydrogen peroxide maintains the heterogeneous reaction of sulfur dioxide on mineral dust proxy particles. Atmospheric Environment. 2016;141:552-559.Abstract
The heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on a-Al2O3 particles was investigated using a flow reactor coupled with a transmission-Fourier transform infrared (T-FTIR) spectrometer at different relative humidities (RH) in the absence or presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with an emphasis on the saturation coverage of SO2 and the timescale on which the reaction reaches saturation. It is found that the saturation coverage of SO2 in the absence of H2O2 increases with rising RH due to the hydrolysis of SO2 by surface adsorbed water. However, the reaction ultimately reaches saturation since the produced sulfite/bisulfite cannot be further converted to sulfate/bisulfate in the absence of oxidants. In addition, the presence of H2O2 can significantly increase the saturation coverage of SO2 by efficiently oxidizing sulfite/bisulfite to sulfate/bisulfate. Under humid conditions, adsorbed water facilitates the hydrolysis of SO2 and mitigates the increase of surface acidity, which can inhibit the hydrolysis of SO2. Hence, in the presence of H2O2, the saturation coverage of SO2 as well as the time of reaction reaching saturation increases with rising RH and the surface is not saturated on the timescale of the experiments (40 h) at 60% RH. Furthermore, the increase of saturation coverage of SO2 in the presence of H2O2 was observed on chemically inactive SiO2 particles, indicating that the hydrolysis of SO2 and subsequent oxidation by H2O2 likely occurs on other types of particles. Our findings are of importance for understanding the role of water vapor and trace gases (e.g., H2O2) in the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 in the atmosphere.
Li F, Zhang P, Zhang M, Liang L, Sun X, Li M, Tang Y, Bao A, Gong J, Zhang J, et al. Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents and Partially Reverses Ozone-Induced Features of Lung Inflammation and Emphysema in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2016;55:72-81.Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel signaling gasotransmitter in the respiratory system, may have antiinflammatory properties in the lung. We examined the preventive and therapeutic effects of H2S on ozone-induced features of lung inflammation and emphysema. C57/BL6 mice were exposed to ozone or filtered air over 6 weeks. Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, was administered to the mice either before ozone exposure (preventive effect) or after completion of 6 weeks of ozone exposure (therapeutic effect). The ozone-exposed mice developed emphysema, measured by micro-computed tomography and histology, airflow limitation, measured by the forced maneuver system, and increased lung inflammation with augmented IL-1beta, IL-18, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene expression. Ozone-induced changes were associated with increased Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-caspase-1 activation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and decreased Akt phosphorylation. NaHS both prevented and reversed lung inflammation and emphysematous changes in alveolar space. In contrast, NaHS prevented, but did not reverse, ozone-induced airflow limitation and bronchial structural remodeling. In conclusion, NaHS administration prevented and partially reversed ozone-induced features of lung inflammation and emphysema via regulation of the NLRP3-caspase-1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt pathways.
Zhang P, Liu C, Hansen P. I Need More Time!: The Influence of Native Language on Search Behavior and Experience. 2016.
Zhang P, Liu C, Hansen P. I Need More Time!: The Influence of Native Language on Search Behavior and Experience., in CLEF (Working Notes).; 2016:1166–1182.
Zhou X, Zhang P, Wang J. Identification and Analysis of Multi-tasking Product Information Search Sessions with Query Logs. Journal of Data and Information Science. 2016;1(3):79-94.
Dai C, Cai YP, Ren W, Xie YF, Guo HC. Identification of optimal placements of best management practices through an interval-fuzzy possibilistic programming model. Agricultural Water Management [Internet]. 2016;165:108 - 121. 访问链接Abstract
Abstract In this research, an interval-fuzzy possibilistic programming (IFPP) method was developed by integrating interval parameter programming (IPP), fuzzy possibilistic programming (FPP), and a fuzzy expected value equation within a general optimization framework. The developed IFPP method can not only effectively address uncertainties presented in terms of crisp intervals and fuzzy-boundary intervals in both the objective function and constraints, but it can also improve the traditional fuzzy mathematical programming by choosing the credibility degree of constraints based on the decision maker’s preference and avoiding complicated intermediate models with high computational efficiency. The developed method was applied to identify optimal placements for best management practices (BMPs) to control nutrient pollution in the Baoxianghe River watershed in China, in which a GIS-aided export coefficient model (ECM) was employed to estimate the phosphorus loads from a nonpoint source (NPS). The optimization results showed that the hybrid approach could be used to generate a series of implementation levels for BMPs under multiple credibility levels, ensuring that the NPS phosphorus loads discharged into rivers reduce to an allowable level and considering a proper balance between expected system costs and risks of violating the constraints. Relaxing the sub-basin discharge permits suggests a global discharge permit for the entire watershed, which may allow managers to shift BMP implementation among sub-basins to meet the overall discharge permit at a lower cost.

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