科研成果

专业学位研究生教育的基础是基于工作场所的学习。以科技小院培养农业硕士生的培养模式为案例，基于实践共同体理论，从时空维系、社会网络构建、信任知识生产三个方面，分析了专业学位研究生教育中实践共同体在相互介入、共同事业、共享技艺库三个维度的构建过程。研究发现，科技小院培养模式为建立健全专业学位研究生教育中的产教融合机制提供了新视角，为培养乡村振兴所需的高层次应用型人才提出了可行的路径。

目的 分析2020―2050年中国老年人口健康预期寿命(health expectancy, HE)及其性别差异的变化趋势，为中国人口长寿和健康之间的关系及其性别差异在未来的发展趋势提供证据和线索。方法 基于2010年人口普查数据和1987年、2006年全国残疾人抽样调查数据，使用多状态人口预测模型(population-development-environment Analysis, PDE)和流行病学计算方法预测了死亡率和残疾率。使用Sullivan方法估计了2020―2050年50岁及以上人口分性别、年龄的无残疾预期寿命(disability-free life expectancy, DFLE)和伴随残疾预期寿命(life expectancy with disability, LwD)。结果 中国老年人口的预期寿命(life expectancy, LE)在2020―2050年持续上升。其中，女性中LE的上升由LwD的上升所主导，而男性中DFLE的贡献略高。在75岁以下的女性和65岁以下的男性中呈现“功能残障扩张”且男性中更不明显；整个研究期间，80岁及以上女性的余寿中会有超过一半的时间伴随残疾度过，占比高于男性。女性的DFLE高于男性，绝对性别差异整体上随时期缩小，但在高龄老人中相对保持稳定；女性DLFE的占比低于男性，在2040年之后相对差异开始缩小，且在高龄老人中更明显。结论 未来中国老年人口的功能状况可能会不断恶化。虽然在2040年之后DFLE的相对性别差异开始缩小，但这建立在LwD占比较高的情况下。在重点关注女性高龄老年人的功能状况的同时，应尽快建立起完备的长期照护体系。

人工智能技术在最近十年取得了举世瞩目的成就，表现在知识工程、数据挖掘、模式识别、自然语言处理、智能机器、专家系统、自动程序设计、艺术创作等八个方面。这些方面的突破性进展为教育发展和变革提供了动力，在教育的宏观、中观和微观三个层面，在教、学、评、测等教育系统的各个环节，人工智能技术都发挥了重要作用。人工智能技术的迅猛发展对教育也带来了极大挑战，主要表现在影响教育机构的毕业生市场、教学评价方式和学生学习方式上。为了应对人工智能技术的挑战，充分利用其正面影响，本文提出要调整高校专业设置、适应劳动力市场的变化，改革教学评价方式和内容，研发和部署人工智能技术的教育应用，引导学生合理、合法使用人工智能技术。

公共性发展金融机构(public development financial institutions,PDFIs)正在全球范围内复兴,然而数据匮乏制约了学术研究。为填补数据空白,本文给出PDFIs的界定标准:单独的实体机构、以有偿性金融工具为主要产品和服务、资金来源不仅仅依赖于定期的财政拨款、积极主动以实现公共政策为导向、政府掌舵机构战略定位。本文甄别出全球范围内符合界定标准的PDFIs机构名录,搜集了微观数据,搭建了全球首个PDFIs数据库,为原创的学术与政策研究奠定了基础。

The newly discovered gubernatorial edict from Laodicea, in which the proconsul of Asia (likely Marcus Ostorius? Scapula) issued a series of orders, contains references to precedents from his predecessors, including edicts from the proconsul Cornelius Tacitus and his deputy Saenius Sabinus, and a letter from the proconsul Vicirius Martialis. Why did Martialis issue a letter instead of an edict? What was the function of Martialis' correspondence, and what did it achieve? In Oliver, Greek Constitutions, pp. 20-21, Augustus and later principates continued to use written proclamations in edict form as a way of communicating with provincials, a tradition practiced by Roman magistrates in the Republic. We also learn that edicts were essentially "open letters to whom it might concern," and were not unlike epistles in terms of preparation, at times not carefully distinguished by the secretaries that prepared them. If there were edict and epistolary forms, it is not immediately clear how they differed in function and perception, both from the perspective of the senders and their intended recipients. Gubernatorial communications have received treatment by Meyer-Zweiffelhoffer (2002), Kokkinia (2003, 2004) Lavan (2013). Kokkinia states that there are approximately 90 examples, and they point to the pattern in which most governors were acting upon local requests to interevene (Kokkinia 2004: 49). If the purpose was to intervene, at what point will an epistle be no longer enough, but an edict will? This paper will first use Paulus Fabius Maximus' letter-edict to discuss a classical case in which an attempt to write a letter took a sinister turn towards an edict. We will then examine a range of cases including those from the Opramoas dossier to consider the various epistolary approaches that the Roman governors took in responding to local situations. The paper will use this assembled corpus to interpret the Vicirius Martialis' letter from both its immediate communicative context and also the general tradition in official correspondence. This paper also touches on the broader question of why governors need to write letters, when they could have just issued edicts, and what letters can do that edicts could not.

绘制于12世纪末的《病草纸》出自日本后白河上皇的宫廷绘师之手，是一部以疾病为主题、图文并茂的绘卷作品。先行研究主要关注《病草纸》与《饿鬼草纸》《地狱草纸》在绘画风格等方面的相似性，因而将《病草纸》视为佛教艺术“六道绘”的一环，即通过形形色色的疑难杂症来表现“人道”的苦相。本文将《病草纸》置于东亚的视域下重新理解，着重比较《病草纸》与《村医图》等宋代图像的异同，指出《病草纸》具有较强的风俗画和“戏画”特征，患者的失态形象、旁观者的嘲笑表情等，都暗示着这是一部旨在满足后白河上皇等平安时代末期没落贵族猎奇欲与自尊心的绘卷作品。

在中国式现代化建设要求的背景下，情报事业进入了新的发展阶段。情报赋能理念的提出，不仅为情报学术探索注入了新的动力，也为信息行为研究开辟了新的空间。本文运用情报赋能理念，审视信息行为研究中积累的成果，分析通过信息行为研究实现情报赋能的可行性，探讨利用信息行为研究的成果增强情报工作中的线索发现、分析研究和决策保障的效能，进而提升情报用户的决策能力以达到赋能目标；同时，在情报赋能的关切下，拓展信息行为研究成果的应用范围，为信息行为研究的未来探索新的途径。

公民是否主动遵守公共政策对国家治理具有重要意义。国家如何以较小代价获得公民在日常社会治理政策领域的政策遵从？从激励与压力两个维度出发，可将公民遵守日常社会政策的行为划分为“不服从”“价值认同服从”“强制性服从”与“社会规范性服从”四种类型。在城市垃圾分类新规实施后，对北京市城镇居民履行垃圾分类义务的问卷调查发现：价值认同与社会规范是实现公民政策服从的关键因素，并且二者发挥了同样重要的影响。相比之下，因当前法规惩戒性有限，强制性服从尚未成为影响公民履行垃圾分类义务的关键因素。本文的发现对在社会治理领域运用“助推型”政策干预策略具有借鉴意义。

The visual world paradigm (VWP) assesses real-time language processing by tracking and measuring eye movements in visual contexts. Linking hypotheses, such as the coordinated interplay account and the goal-based linking hypothesis, establish the link between eye movements and the cognitive processes of language comprehension. Time sensitivity is characteristic of the data generated by this paradigm. Analytical methods include the analysis of fixation proportions within time windows, divergence point analysis and growth-curve analysis, etc. Studies using the VWP provide important evidence for speech and lexical recognition, syntactic parsing, semantic integration, and the processing of discourse and pragmatic information.