Underground hydrogen storage in saline aquifers is an irreplaceable option for large-scale hydrogen usage amid the transition to net-zero, with the urgent demand for clean energy. However, accurate hydrogen storage capacity evaluation is currently hindered by the lack of accessible analytical tools that simultaneously account for engineering constraints and hydrogen-specific biogeochemical losses. To address these gaps, this study hypothesizes that explicitly coupling engineering constraints with quantitative sink terms for microbial consumption and dissolution and diffusive loss will define a net effective capacity that provides a rigorous, safety-constrained baseline distinct from static volumetric estimates. We developed a novel first-order basin-scale screening tool that integrates transport dynamics, equations of state. This framework serves as a theoretical upper-bound estimator designed to evaluate the maximum hydrogen storage capacity subject to engineering constraints and quantitative losses, distinct from predictive reservoir simulations. Applying of the model to a representative basin-scale aquifer, a set of 10 wells with inter-well distance of 5.2 km was determined to reach 1.5 Gt storage volume. Moreover, a total of eleven factors, regarding the reservoir parameters, fluid properties, engineering strategies, and their effects on the hydrogen storage capacity, were specifically analyzed. Results show that long operational time (i.e., 1000 years) usually results in increased storage volume to reach the maximum storage capacity. We conclude that while saline aquifers offer huge storage potential, their technical feasibility is strictly governed by the coupling of hydraulic injectivity and operational time. Overall, this study provides a powerful tool for accurately and efficiently quantifying hydrogen storage capacity and optimizing strategies in saline aquifer.
Rural in-migrants often introduce distinctive architectural aesthetics, driving gentrification processes in rural areas. While this new aesthetic influences local residents' architectural preferences, the factors related to these preferences remain unclear. This study investigates how interactions with rural in-migrants are associated with locals' architectural tastes and identifies other socio-cultural factors. We developed an innovative two-dimensional matrix framework for assessing architectural preferences in rural in-migration contexts, integrating rural in-migration theory with acculturation theory and validated through phototesting techniques. Through a theory-building case study, we focused on 3 villages in Dali, China, which share similar cultural backgrounds but exhibit different architectural changes in response to rural in-migration. We surveyed 335 locals and 218 migrants across these villages in 2021.
The results show that increased social interactions between locals and migrants are significantly associated with strengthened local preferences for locality-based architectural styles over globalized ones, accompanied by a narrowing of the aesthetic distance between the two groups. These findings suggest that cultural interaction processes may reinforce rather than replace local aesthetic preferences. However, this effect varies among locals due to differences in community characteristics, urban experience, future residential intentions, age, education, and marital status. This study shows that local residents demonstrate agency in cultural adaptation rather than remain passive recipients, suggesting potential pathways for communities to resist marginalization in the gentrification process.