随着全球范围内的现代化变迁, 个人主义异常增长, 但这一增长究竟是自我的功利扩张(如利益至上)、还是理性提升(如人格独立), 引发了众多学者的反思。预研究建立了理性个人主义(如独立、自主、开拓、进取)和功利个人主义(如财产、利益、快乐、享受)词典。进而对谷歌中文图书语料库(1980~2019)的词频分析显示, 理性个人主义显著下降, 功利个人主义显著增长(研究1); 词嵌入分析表明, 自我靶词与理性(vs.功利)个人主义属性词的相对语义关联也呈下降趋势(研究2)。总之, 中国社会近几十年来的文化转型并非个人主义的简单增长, 而是出现了理性个人主义下降、功利个人主义增长的趋势。这表明, 理性式微、功利扩张的价值失衡是社会变迁的重要议题, 其背后的多重自我结构、演化路径及社会精神动力的培育还有待未来深入研究。

Using original texts of Confucian and Taoist primary classics as materials, we conducted an eight-week educational intervention experiment combining classroom teaching and post-class reflection as cultural manipulation. Ninety-four sixth-grade students from three parallel mainstream classes were randomly assigned to three intervention groups, comprising two experimental groups (Confucian and Taoist values interventions) and a control group (natural science intervention). The results suggest that the Confucian intervention had a positive effect on interdependent self and holistic thinking, the Taoist intervention had a positive effect on independent self and holistic thinking, and the natural science intervention promoted analytical thinking.

As an extremely disadvantaged group, orphans have received extensive attention from researchers. However, previous research focused on their survival status and psychological distress. The present study aims to explore the mechanism of orphans’ life satisfaction from the perspective of positive psychology. We conducted a survey among Tibetan orphans (n = 131) and compared the results with Tibetan non-orphans (n = 134). A mediation model was used to assess associations between resilience and life satisfaction, and the intermediary role of dimensions of hope (agency thinking and pathways thinking). Results indicated that, among orphans, agency thinking acted as a mediator in the mediation model, while pathways thinking did not. Moreover, hope dimensions did not play mediating roles between resilience and life satisfaction among non-orphans. The results highlighted that resilience is of vital importance for orphans’ life satisfaction. It was expected to inspire psychologists to develop specific interventions on resilience for orphans to enhance their internal resources (such as agency thinking of hope) and life satisfaction.

This study aims to identify the associations between teacher mental health and student mental health. Cross-sectional data were collected from 127,877 students aged 9–20 years and 2,759 teachers across 31 provinces in China. The mental health of students and teachers were assessed by well-being (life satisfaction and positive mental health), and psychological distress (depression and anxiety). Controlling for demographic variables, multilevel regression analyses suggest that higher teacher positive mental health was linked to higher student positive mental health and lower student depression; higher teacher depression were correlated with higher student depression; and teacher life satisfaction and anxiety were not correlated with any indicators of student mental health. The study highlights the significant association between teacher mental health and student mental health.

The COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by its highly contagious nature and devastating death toll, posed a dual threat to both physical and psychological well-being. As a potential intervention to alleviate the psychological impact, values-affirmation involves individuals engaging in the activity of writing about their core values. While its effectiveness in non-WEIRD (i.e. Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) populations, notably among Chinese adults, has been confirmed, it remains largely unexplored whether the intervention can promote mental health in Chinese adolescents, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study thus is to provide the first empirical evaluation of this intervention in promoting well-being and alleviating psychological distress among Chinese adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2,234 students from 112 secondary schools in China were randomly assigned to an affirmation or control condition. The study found that self-affirmation intervention improved students' life satisfaction, mental health, and self-esteem, as well as buffered a decline of their purpose in life; however, no effects were found for clinical measures of depression, anxiety, and loneliness. The results suggest that self-affirmation interventions, while having limited effects on clinically relevant outcomes, can be an effective approach to boost well-being in adolescents during a major crisis, including in a more historically collectivist culture. Implications for self-affirmation theory and cultural psychology, as well as avenues for future research, are discussed.

Physical activity is universally acknowledged for its benefits to mental health; however, the specific intensities and timings that best benefit adolescents’ mental health, crucial due to their significant influence on daily schedules, have not been thoroughly investigated. This study addresses the substantive research gap by exploring the varied effects of physical activity intensity (light versus moderate to vigorous) and timing (weekdays versus weekends and holidays) on adolescent mental health. Utilizing a large-scale longitudinal dataset (NT1 = 84,054; NT2 = 44,623) from 158 schools, this research describes the current state of adolescent physical activity and investigates the effects of physical activity on mental health outcomes, including positive (i.e., life satisfaction, positive mental health) and negative indicators (depression, anxiety), over a 6-month period. Participants were adolescents aged 9–19 years (mean age = 12.73 ± 2.43 years, 48.9% female), with the analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results showed that as adolescents grow older, their engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during both weekdays and weekends/holidays tends to decrease, while light physical activity during weekdays increases. Multilevel regression analysis indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during weekends/holidays at Time 1 positively correlated with better mental health outcomes at Time 2 (six months later), featuring enhanced positive indicators and reduced negative ones. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays at Time 1 was positively linked to mental health at Time 2. Light physical activity during weekends/holidays at Time 1 positively predicted life satisfaction and positive mental health at Time 2. In contrast, light physical activity on weekdays at Time 1 negatively correlated with life satisfaction at Time 2. The study underscores the importance of promoting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, particularly on weekends and holidays, to improve mental health outcomes among adolescents.

为检验中文版心理幸福感量表在残疾人群体中的信效度，并探讨人口学因素对残疾人心理幸福感的预测作用，通过残联渠道获取有效样本352人（项目分析和因素分析）和513人（信效度检验）。修订后的中文版心理幸福感量表（C-PWBS-16）共16题，包含环境掌控、生命成长、积极心态和自主四个因子，具有良好的结构效度、聚合效度、区分效度和效标效度；总量表和各因子的内部一致性信度在0.71~0.89之间，重测信度在0.76~0.93之间。残疾人心理幸福感的人口学差异表现在：女性高于男性、先天残疾高于后天残疾、重度残疾高于轻度残疾；受教育水平越高，心理幸福感越高；肢残者心理幸福感最低。综上，C-PWBS-16在残疾人群体中具有良好的信度和效度，可以作为测量残疾人心理幸福感的工具。

为探索社区居民及社区骨干的社区和谐观,在13个社区对24名受访者进行深度访谈。立足社区心理学中国化的视角,对27万字访谈文本进行主题分析发现:(1)社区和谐可划分为安定式和谐、融洽式和谐、共赢式和谐三种形态,三者层层递进,分别反映了大众对"不吵不闹"的良好社区秩序、"仁慈友爱"的良好社区氛围和"蓬勃发展"的良好社区局面的理解和期盼;(2)社区和谐的成因包可以从宏观和微观两个角度把握,其结果可以从时程(长期/短期)和场域(全局/局部)两个角度归纳。总之,当代社区和谐观是对中华优秀传统文化的继承,并具有时代的特色。

智慧与幸福是人类的普遍追求。智慧与自我实现幸福感(eudaimonia well-being)正相关得到研究者的普遍认同。智慧与享乐主义幸福感(hedonia well-being)是何种关系, 仍在争论中。从智慧发展的角度, 学者提出了积极人格发展观和发展历程观, 对智慧与幸福感的关系进行更深入的理论探讨。结合中国文化及智慧和幸福感的研究进展, 提出发展水平观：随着智慧发展水平不断提高, 个体幸福感的来源、持续时间以及对身心健康的影响存在差异。未来宜重点解决两个问题：(1)选择和编制适宜的智慧和幸福感测量工具; (2)澄清智慧与幸福感的因果关系。

智慧与年龄的关系是智慧心理学领域的重要议题。青少年时期及成年早期是智慧的萌发期为多数学者所公认,但在成年期个体的智慧与年龄关系的问题上,学界尚存在较大的理论分歧,主要有增长论、衰减论、稳定论、高原论四大观点,前两者的实证支持较少,后两者则有着较丰富的实证依据。在对上述理论进行回顾与反思的基础上,认为实证层面有三项任务最为紧迫、理论层面有六大问题值得探讨,并提出了基于"个体-情境"差异的"智慧-年龄"关系理论,试图为智慧与年龄的关系问题提供一个更深入的理解。

以大学生为被试，通过情境实验考察了存在不安全感对内隐物质主义态度及外显物质主义倾向的影响，并探索了潜在的动机机制：控制感寻求的中介作用。结果表明，高存在不安全感组的内隐物质主义态度显著高于低存在不安全感组，控制感寻求在其中起到了中介作用；但存在不安全感对外显物质主义倾向的影响并不显著。上述结果为死亡心理防御的动机机制提供了新的实证依据：对中国被试而言，物质主义也是个体应对存在不安全感的一种策略，该策略可以满足个体寻求确认和控制的需要。