@article {35944,
	title = {Spontaneous perspective-taking in real-time language comprehension: Evidence from eye-movements and grain of coordination},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {8031},
	abstract = {Linguistic communication requires interlocutors to consider differences in each other{\textquoteright}s knowledge (perspective-taking). However, perspective-taking might either be spontaneous or strategic. We monitored listeners{\textquoteright} eye movements in a referential communication task. A virtual speaker gave temporally ambiguous instructions with scalar adjectives ({\textquotedblleft}big{\textquotedblright} in {\textquotedblleft}big cubic block{\textquotedblright}). Scalar adjectives assume a contrasting object (a small cubic block). We manipulated whether the contrasting object (a small triangle) for a competitor object (a big triangle) was in common ground (visible to both speaker and listener) or was occluded so it was in the listener{\textquoteright}s privileged ground, in which case perspective-taking would allow earlier reference-resolution. We used a complex visual context with multiple objects, making strategic perspective-taking unlikely when all objects are in the listener{\textquoteright}s referential domain. A turn-taking, puzzle-solving task manipulated whether participants could anticipate a more restricted referential domain. Pieces were either confined to a small area (requiring fine-grained coordination) or distributed across spatially distinct regions (requiring only coarse-grained coordination). Results strongly supported spontaneous perspective-taking: Although comprehension was less time-locked in the coarse-grained condition, participants in both conditions used perspective information to identify the target referent earlier when the competitor contrast was in privileged ground, even when participants believed instructions were computer-generated.},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58699-z},
	author = {Yipu Wei and Yingjia Wan* and Michael K Tanenhaus}
}
