<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Zhou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guo, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Z. Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">B. Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sun, Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yun, X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Zhang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Levels and inhalation health risk of neonicotinoid insecticides in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in urban and rural areas of China</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environment International</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acetamiprid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air pollutant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Air Pollutants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">article</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beijing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">child health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">China</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clothianidin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concentration (composition)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">concentration (parameter)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">controlled study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental exposure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">environmental impact assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">extraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fine particulate matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health hazard</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health risks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">imidacloprid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">inhalation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">insecticide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insecticides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liquid chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mass spectrometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neonicotinoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neonicotinoid insecticides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neonicotinoid pesticide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neonicotinoids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Particles (particulate matter)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particulate matter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pesticide applications</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollution exposure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential health risks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">priority journal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">respiration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rural area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rural areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasonal variation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tandem mass spectrometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thiamethoxam</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban and rural areas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urban and Rural Residents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">urban area</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhengzhou</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085601902&amp;amp;doi=10.1016%2fj.envint.2020.105822&amp;amp;partnerID=40&amp;amp;md5=4facbe7460055e1d686fc887bb5c9120</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsevier Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">142</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neonicotinoid insecticide (NEO) concentrations in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and daily exposure via inhalation were investigated during spring and fall in an urban area in Beijing and in urban and rural areas of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. Four NEOs, including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin, were assessed using a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) extraction procedure coupled to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Of 64 PM2.5 samples, 100% contained at least two NEOs (imidacloprid and acetamiprid). Imidacloprid was detected at the highest levels, ranging from 4.33 to 1.13 × 102 pg m−3. A relative potency factor method that considered different toxicities was used to integrate the four NEO concentrations. The total NEO concentrations in air in the Zhengzhou rural area (mean: 80.86 pg m−3) were higher than those in urban areas. Differences between seasons were not significant (p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05). The highest value for the total average daily dose via inhalation of four NEOs (ADDinh,total), 91.0 pg kg−1 day−1, was found in rural children &amp;amp;lt;6 years old. The ADDinh,total of rural residents was significantly higher than that of urban residents when there was no intensive pesticide application. Although the ADDinh,total values were below the current chronic reference dose, when possible joint toxicity and the increasing use of NEOs are considered, a potential health risk via inhalation is evident. We believe this study is the first to characterize NEO levels in fine particulate matter and to evaluate inhalation exposure in urban and rural residents under nonoccupational scenarios in China. It will enhance our understanding of exposure to NEOs and provide a basis for risk management decisions. © 2020 The Author(s)</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cited By 12</style></notes></record></records></xml>