@article {27262,
	title = {Epigenetic Link Between Statin Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes},
	journal = {Diabetes Care},
	volume = {43},
	number = {4},
	year = {2020},
	note = {Ochoa-Rosales, Carolina Portilla-Fernandez, Eliana Nano, Jana Wilson, Rory Lehne, Benjamin Mishra, Pashupati P Gao, Xu Ghanbari, Mohsen Rueda-Ochoa, Oscar L Juvinao-Quintero, Diana Loh, Marie Zhang, Weihua Kooner, Jaspal S Grabe, Hans J Felix, Stephan B Schottker, Ben Zhang, Yan Gieger, Christian Muller-Nurasyid, Martina Heier, Margit Peters, Annette Lehtimaki, Terho Teumer, Alexander Brenner, Hermann Waldenberger, Melanie Ikram, M Arfan van Meurs, Joyce B J Franco, Oscar H Voortman, Trudy Chambers, John Stricker, Bruno H Muka, Taulant eng Diabetes Care. 2020 Apr;43(4):875-884. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1828. Epub 2020 Feb 7.},
	pages = {875-884},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of epigenetics in statins\&$\#$039; diabetogenic effect comparing DNA methylation (DNAm) between statin users and nonusers in an epigenome-wide association study in blood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Five cohort studies\&$\#$039; participants (n = 8,270) were classified as statin users when they were on statin therapy at the time of DNAm assessment with Illumina 450K or EPIC array or noncurrent users otherwise. Associations of DNAm with various outcomes like incident type 2 diabetes, plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (HOMA of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) as well as with gene expression were investigated. RESULTS: Discovery (n = 6,820) and replication (n = 1,450) phases associated five DNAm sites with statin use: cg17901584 (1.12 x 10(-25) [DHCR24]), cg10177197 (3.94 x 10(-08) [DHCR24]), cg06500161 (2.67 x 10(-23) [ABCG1]), cg27243685 (6.01 x 10(-09) [ABCG1]), and cg05119988 (7.26 x 10(-12) [SC4MOL]). Two sites were associated with at least one glycemic trait or type 2 diabetes. Higher cg06500161 methylation was associated with higher fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.34 [95\% CI 1.22, 1.47]). Mediation analyses suggested that ABCG1 methylation partially mediates the effect of statins on high insulin and HOMA-IR. Gene expression analyses showed that statin exposure and ABCG1 methylation were associated with ABCG1 downregulation, suggesting epigenetic regulation of ABCG1 expression. Further, outcomes insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly associated with ABCG1 expression. CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds light on potential mechanisms linking statins with type 2 diabetes risk, providing evidence on DNAm partially mediating statins\&$\#$039; effects on insulin traits. Further efforts shall disentangle the molecular mechanisms through which statins may induce DNAm changes, potentially leading to ABCG1 epigenetic regulation.},
	issn = {1935-5548 (Electronic) 0149-5992 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.2337/dc19-1828},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32033992},
	author = {Ochoa-Rosales, C. and Portilla-Fernandez, E. and Nano, J. and Wilson, R. and Lehne, B. and Mishra, P. P. and Gao, X. and Ghanbari, M. and Rueda-Ochoa, O. L. and Juvinao-Quintero, D. and Loh, M. and W. Zhang and Kooner, J. S. and Grabe, H. J. and Felix, S. B. and Schottker, B. and Y. Zhang and Gieger, C. and Muller-Nurasyid, M. and Heier, M. and Peters, A. and Lehtimaki, T. and Teumer, A. and Brenner, H. and Waldenberger, M. and Ikram, M.A. and van Meurs, J. B. J. and Franco, O. H. and Voortman, T. and Chambers, J. and Stricker, B. H. and Muka, T.}
}
