@article {li2016estimating,
	title = {Estimating emissions from crop residue open burning in China based on statistics and MODIS fire products},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Sciences},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {158{\textendash}170},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {With the objective of reducing the large uncertainties in the estimations of emissions from\&nbsp;crop residue\&nbsp;open\&nbsp;burning, an improved method for establishing\&nbsp;emission inventories\&nbsp;of crop residue open burning at a\&nbsp;high spatial resolution\&nbsp;of 0.25{\textdegree}\&nbsp;{\texttimes}\&nbsp;0.25{\textdegree} and a\&nbsp;temporal resolutionof 1\&nbsp;month was established based on the\&nbsp;moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) Thermal Anomalies/Fire Daily Level3 Global Product (MOD/MYD14A1). Agriculture mechanization ratios and regional crop-specific grain-to-straw ratios were introduced to improve the accuracy of related activity data. Locally observed\&nbsp;emission factors\&nbsp;were used to calculate the primary\&nbsp;pollutant emissions.\&nbsp;MODIS\&nbsp;satellite data\&nbsp;were modified by combining them with county-level agricultural\&nbsp;statistical data, which reduced the influence of missing fire counts caused by their small size and\&nbsp;cloud cover. The annual emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), N2O, NOx, NH3, SO2, fine particles (PM2.5),\&nbsp;organic carbon\&nbsp;(OC), and\&nbsp;black carbon\&nbsp;(BC) were 150.40, 6.70, 0.51, 0.88, 0.01, 0.13, 0.07, 0.43, 1.09, 0.34, and 0.06\&nbsp;Tg, respectively, in 2012. Crop residue open burning emissions displayed typical seasonal and spatial variation. The highest emission regions were the Yellow-Huai River and Yangtse-Huai River areas, and the monthly emissions were highest in June (37\%). Uncertainties in the emission estimates, measured as 95\% confidence intervals, range from a low of within {\textpm}\&nbsp;126\% for N2O to a high of within {\textpm}\&nbsp;169\% for NH3.},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001074216000061?via\%3Dihub},
	author = {Jing Li and Bo, Yu and Shaodong Xie}
}
