@article {LIU2017133,
	title = {Microstructural and geomechanical analysis of Bakken shale at nanoscale},
	journal = {Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering},
	volume = {153},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {133-144},
	abstract = {With the development in production from shale oil and shale gas in North America during the last decade, more studies are being conducted in order to improve our knowledge of the shale characteristics. In this paper, samples from Upper and Middle Bakken Formation, which is an oil-bearing shale formation, were collected and analyzed. Permeability, porosity and saturation of the samples were studied in the lab. 2D XRD and EDX were used to study the mineral compositions, and FESEM was used to characterize the pore structure at micro and nanoscale. Implementing the image analysis method, the pore structure and pore size distributions (PSD) of the samples at nanoscale were quantified. In addition, nanoindentation method, which is a novel technique to investigate the geomechanical behavior of rocks, was applied to quantify the mechanical properties of the shale samples including Young\&$\#$039;s modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness at nanoscale.},
	keywords = {2D XRD, Bakken oil shale, Fracture toughness, Nano-scale structure, Nanoindentation, Young{\textquoteright}s modulus},
	issn = {0920-4105},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.03.039},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920410517303935},
	author = {Kouqi Liu and Mehdi Ostadhassan}
}
