@article {19908,
	title = {Genome Analyses of >200,000 Individuals Identify 58 Loci for Chronic Inflammation and Highlight Pathways that Link Inflammation and Complex Disorders},
	journal = {Am J Hum GenetAm J Hum GenetAm J Hum Genet},
	volume = {103},
	number = {5},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Ligthart, SymenVaez, AhmadVosa, UrmoStathopoulou, Maria Gde Vries, Paul SPrins, Bram PVan der Most, Peter JTanaka, ToshikoNaderi, ElnazRose, Lynda MWu, YingKarlsson, RobertBarbalic, MajaLin, HonghuangPool, ReneZhu, GuMace, AurelienSidore, CarloTrompet, StellaMangino, MassimoSabater-Lleal, MariaKemp, John PAbbasi, AliKacprowski, TimVerweij, NiekSmith, Albert VHuang, TaoMarzi, CarolaFeitosa, Mary FLohman, Kurt KKleber, Marcus EMilaneschi, YuriMueller, ChristianHuq, MahmudulVlachopoulou, EfthymiaLyytikainen, Leo-PekkaOldmeadow, ChristopherDeelen, JorisPerola, MarkusZhao, Jing HuaFeenstra, BjarkeLifeLines Cohort StudyAmini, MarzyehCHARGE Inflammation Working GroupLahti, JariSchraut, Katharina EFornage, MyriamSuktitipat, BhoomChen, Wei-MinLi, XiaohuiNutile, TeresaMalerba, GiovanniLuan, Jian\&$\#$039;anBak, TomSchork, NicholasDel Greco M, FabiolaThiering, ElisabethMahajan, AnubhaMarioni, Riccardo EMihailov, EvelinEriksson, JoelOzel, Ayse BilgeZhang, WeihuaNethander, MariaCheng, Yu-ChingAslibekyan, StellaAng, WeiGandin, IlariaYengo, LoicPortas, LauraKooperberg, CharlesHofer, EdithRajan, Kumar BSchurmann, Claudiaden Hollander, WouterAhluwalia, Tarunveer SZhao, JingDraisma, Harmen H MFord, IanTimpson, NicholasTeumer, AlexanderHuang, HongyanWahl, SimoneLiu, YongMeiHuang, JieUh, Hae-WonGeller, FrankJoshi, Peter KYanek, Lisa RTrabetti, ElisabettaLehne, BenjaminVozzi, DiegoVerbanck, MarieBiino, GinevraSaba, YasamanMeulenbelt, IngridO\&$\#$039;Connell, Jeff RLaakso, MarkkuGiulianini, FrancoMagnusson, Patrik K EBallantyne, Christie MHottenga, Jouke JanMontgomery, Grant WRivadineira, FernandoRueedi, RicoSteri, MaristellaHerzig, Karl-HeinzStott, David JMenni, CristinaFranberg, MattiasSt Pourcain, BeateFelix, Stephan BPers, Tune HBakker, Stephan J LKraft, PeterPeters, AnnetteVaidya, DhananjayDelgado, GracielaSmit, Johannes HGrossmann, VeraSinisalo, JuhaSeppala, IlkkaWilliams, Stephen RHolliday, Elizabeth GMoed, MatthijsLangenberg, ClaudiaRaikkonen, KatriDing, JingzhongCampbell, HarrySale, Michele MChen, Yii-Der IJames, Alan LRuggiero, DanielaSoranzo, NicoleHartman, Catharina ASmith, Erin NBerenson, Gerald SFuchsberger, ChristianHernandez, DenaTiesler, Carla M TGiedraitis, VilmantasLiewald, DavidFischer, KristaMellstrom, DanLarsson, AndersWang, YunmeiScott, William RLorentzon, MatthiasBeilby, JohnRyan, Kathleen APennell, Craig EVuckovic, DraganaBalkau, BeverlyConcas, Maria PinaSchmidt, ReinholdMendes de Leon, Carlos FBottinger, Erwin PKloppenburg, MargreetPaternoster, LaviniaBoehnke, MichaelMusk, A WWillemsen, GonnekeEvans, David MMadden, Pamela A FKahonen, MikaKutalik, ZoltanZoledziewska, MagdalenaKarhunen, VilleKritchevsky, Stephen BSattar, NaveedLachance, GenevieveClarke, RobertHarris, Tamara BRaitakari, Olli TAttia, John Rvan Heemst, DianaKajantie, EeroSorice, RossellaGambaro, GiovanniScott, Robert AHicks, Andrew AFerrucci, LuigiStandl, MarieLindgren, Cecilia MStarr, John MKarlsson, MagnusLind, LarsLi, Jun ZChambers, John CMori, Trevor Ade Geus, Eco J C NHeath, Andrew CMartin, Nicholas GAuvinen, JuhaBuckley, Brendan Mde Craen, Anton J MWaldenberger, MelanieStrauch, KonstantinMeitinger, ThomasScott, Rodney JMcEvoy, MarkBeekman, MarianBombieri, CristinaRidker, Paul MMohlke, Karen LPedersen, Nancy LMorrison, Alanna CBoomsma, Dorret IWhitfield, John BStrachan, David PHofman, AlbertVollenweider, PeterCucca, FrancescoJarvelin, Marjo-RiittaJukema, J WouterSpector, Tim DHamsten, AndersZeller, TanjaUitterlinden, Andre GNauck, MatthiasGudnason, VilmundurQi, LuGrallert, HaraldBorecki, Ingrid BRotter, Jerome IMarz, WinfriedWild, Philipp SLokki, Marja-LiisaBoyle, MichaelSalomaa, VeikkoMelbye, MadsEriksson, Johan GWilson, James FPenninx, Brenda W J HBecker, Diane MWorrall, Bradford BGibson, GregKrauss, Ronald MCiullo, MarinaZaza, GianluigiWareham, Nicholas JOldehinkel, Albertine JPalmer, Lyle JMurray, Sarah SPramstaller, Peter PBandinelli, StefaniaHeinrich, JoachimIngelsson, ErikDeary, Ian JMagi, ReedikVandenput, Liesbethvan der Harst, PimDesch, Karl CKooner, Jaspal SOhlsson, ClaesHayward, CarolineLehtimaki, TerhoShuldiner, Alan RArnett, Donna KBeilin, Lawrence JRobino, AntoniettaFroguel, PhilippePirastu, MarioJess, TineKoenig, WolfgangLoos, Ruth J FEvans, Denis ASchmidt, HelenaSmith, George DaveySlagboom, P ElineEiriksdottir, GudnyMorris, Andrew PPsaty, Bruce MTracy, Russell PNolte, Ilja MBoerwinkle, EricVisvikis-Siest, SophieReiner, Alex PGross, MyronBis, Joshua CFranke, LudeFranco, Oscar HBenjamin, Emelia JChasman, Daniel IDupuis, JoseeSnieder, HaroldDehghan, AbbasAlizadeh, Behrooz ZAm J Hum Genet. 2018 Nov 1;103(5):691-706. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.009.},
	month = {Nov 1},
	pages = {691-706},
	edition = {2018/11/06},
	abstract = {C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation and is associated with multiple complex diseases. The genetic determinants of chronic inflammation remain largely unknown, and the causal role of CRP in several clinical outcomes is debated. We performed two genome-wide association studies (GWASs), on HapMap and 1000 Genomes imputed data, of circulating amounts of CRP by using data from 88 studies comprising 204,402 European individuals. Additionally, we performed in silico functional analyses and Mendelian randomization analyses with several clinical outcomes. The GWAS meta-analyses of CRP revealed 58 distinct genetic loci (p \&lt; 5 x 10(-8)). After adjustment for body mass index in the regression analysis, the associations at all except three loci remained. The lead variants at the distinct loci explained up to 7.0\% of the variance in circulating amounts of CRP. We identified 66 gene sets that were organized in two substantially correlated clusters, one mainly composed of immune pathways and the other characterized by metabolic pathways in the liver. Mendelian randomization analyses revealed a causal protective effect of CRP on schizophrenia and a risk-increasing effect on bipolar disorder. Our findings provide further insights into the biology of inflammation and could lead to interventions for treating inflammation and its clinical consequences.},
	isbn = {1537-6605 (Electronic)0002-9297 (Linking)},
	author = {Ligthart, S. and Vaez, A. and Vosa, U. and Stathopoulou, M. G. and de Vries, P. S. and Prins, B. P. and van der Most, P. J. and Tanaka, T. and Naderi, E. and Rose, L. M. and Wu, Y. and Karlsson, R. and Barbalic, M. and H. Lin and Pool, R. and G Zhu and Mace, A. and Sidore, C. and Trompet, S. and Mangino, M. and Sabater-Lleal, M. and Kemp, J. P. and Abbasi, A. and Kacprowski, T. and Verweij, N. and Smith, A. V. and Huang, T. and Marzi, C. and Feitosa, M. F. and Lohman, K. K. and Kleber, M. E. and Milaneschi, Y. and Mueller, C. and Huq, M. and Vlachopoulou, E. and Lyytikainen, L. P. and Oldmeadow, C. and Deelen, J. and Perola, M. and Zhao, J. H. and Feenstra, B. and Amini, M. and Lahti, J. and Schraut, K. E. and Fornage, M. and Suktitipat, B. and Chen, W. M. and X. Li and Nutile, T. and Malerba, G. and Luan, J. and Bak, T. and Schork, N. and Del Greco, M. F. and Thiering, E. and Mahajan, A. and Marioni, R. E. and Mihailov, E. and Eriksson, J. and Ozel, A. B. and W. Zhang and Nethander, M. and Cheng, Y. C. and Aslibekyan, S. and Wang and Gandin, I. and Yengo, L. and Portas, L. and Kooperberg, C. and Hofer, E. and Rajan, K. B. and Schurmann, C. and den Hollander, W. and Ahluwalia, T. S. and Zhao, J. and Draisma, H. H. M. and Ford, I. and Timpson, N. and Teumer, A. and Huang, H. and Wahl, S. and Y. Liu and Huang, J. and Uh, H. W. and Geller, F. and Joshi, P. K. and Yanek, L. R. and Trabetti, E. and Lehne, B. and Vozzi, D. and Verbanck, M. and Biino, G. and Saba, Y. and Meulenbelt, I. and O{\textquoteright}Connell, J. R. and Laakso, M. and Giulianini, F. and Magnusson, P. K. E. and Ballantyne, C. M. and Hottenga, J. J. and Montgomery, G. W. and Rivadineira, F. and Rueedi, R. and Steri, M. and Herzig, K. H. and Stott, D. J. and Menni, C. and Franberg, M. and St Pourcain, B. and Felix, S. B. and Pers, T. H. and Bakker, S. J. L. and Kraft, P. and Peters, A. and Vaidya, D. and Delgado, G. and Smit, J. H. and Grossmann, V. and Sinisalo, J. and Seppala, I. and Williams, S. R. and Holliday, E. G. and Moed, M. and Langenberg, C. and Raikkonen, K. and Ding, J. and Campbell, H. and Sale, M. M. and Chen, Yi and James, A. L. and Ruggiero, D. and Soranzo, N. and Hartman, C. A. and Smith, E. N. and Berenson, G. S. and Fuchsberger, C. and Hernandez, D. and Tiesler, C. M. T. and Giedraitis, V. and Liewald, D. and Fischer, K. and Mellstrom, D. and Larsson, A. and Y. Wang and Scott, W. R. and Lorentzon, M. and Beilby, J. and Ryan, K. A. and Pennell, C. E. and Vuckovic, D. and Balkau, B. and Concas, M. P. and Schmidt, R. and Mendes de Leon, C. F. and Bottinger, E. P. and Kloppenburg, M. and Paternoster, L. and Boehnke, M. and Musk, A. W. and Willemsen, G. and Evans, D. M. and Madden, P. A. F. and Kahonen, M. and Kutalik, Z. and Zoledziewska, M. and Karhunen, V. and Kritchevsky, S. B. and Sattar, N. and Lachance, G. and Clarke, R. and Harris, T. B. and Raitakari, O. T. and Attia, J. R. and van Heemst, D. and Kajantie, E. and Sorice, R. and Gambaro, G. and Scott, R. A. and Hicks, A. A. and Ferrucci, L. and Standl, M. and Lindgren, C. M. and Starr, J. M. and Karlsson, M. and Lind, L. and Li, J. Z. and Chambers, J. C. and Mori, T. A. and de Geus, Ejcn and Heath, A. C. and Martin, N. G. and Auvinen, J. and Buckley, B. M. and de Craen, A. J. M. and Waldenberger, M. and Strauch, K. and Meitinger, T. and Scott, R. J. and McEvoy, M. and Beekman, M. and Bombieri, C. and Ridker, P. M. and Mohlke, K. L. and Pedersen, N. L. and Morrison, A. C. and Boomsma, D. I. and Whitfield, J. B. and Strachan, D. P. and Hofman, A. and Vollenweider, P. and Cucca, F. and Jarvelin, M. R. and Jukema, J. W. and Spector, T. D. and Hamsten, A. and Zeller, T. and Uitterlinden, A. G. and Nauck, M. and Gudnason, V. and Qi, L. and Grallert, H. and Borecki, I. B. and Rotter, J. I. and Marz, W. and Wild, P. S. and Lokki, M. L. and Boyle, M. and Salomaa, V. and Melbye, M. and Eriksson, J. G. and Wilson, J. F. and Penninx, Bwjh and Becker, D. M. and Worrall, B. B. and Gibson, G. and Krauss, R. M. and Ciullo, M. and Zaza, G. and Wareham, N. J. and Oldehinkel, A. J. and Palmer, L. J. and Murray, S. S. and Pramstaller, P. P. and Bandinelli, S. and Heinrich, J. and Ingelsson, E. and Deary, I. J. and Magi, R. and Vandenput, L. and van der Harst, P. and Desch, K. C. and Kooner, J. S. and Ohlsson, C. and Hayward, C. and Lehtimaki, T. and Shuldiner, A. R. and Arnett, D. K. and Beilin, L. J. and Robino, A. and Froguel, P. and Pirastu, M. and Jess, T. and Koenig, W. and Loos, R. J. F. and Evans, D. A. and Schmidt, H. and Smith, G. D. and Slagboom, P. E. and Eiriksdottir, G. and Morris, A. P. and Psaty, B. M. and Tracy, R. P. and Nolte, I. M. and Boerwinkle, E. and Visvikis-Siest, S. and Reiner, A. P. and Gross, M. and Bis, J. C. and Franke, L. and Franco, O. H. and Benjamin, E. J. and Chasman, D. I. and Dupuis, J. and Snieder, H. and Dehghan, A. and Alizadeh, B. Z.}
}
