@article {19894,
	title = {Dietary Protein Modifies the Effect of the MC4R Genotype on 2-Year Changes in Appetite and Food Craving: The POUNDS Lost Trial},
	journal = {J NutrJ NutrJ Nutr},
	volume = {147},
	number = {3},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Huang, TaoZheng, YanHruby, AdelaWilliamson, Donald ABray, George AShen, YiruSacks, Frank MQi, LuR01 DK100383/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/R01 HL071981/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/R21 HL126024/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/R01 HL034594/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/R01 DK091718/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/J Nutr. 2017 Mar;147(3):439-444. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.242958. Epub 2017 Feb 1.},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {439-444},
	type = {Randomized Controlled TrialResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov\&$\#$039;tResearch Support, N.I.H., Extramural},
	edition = {2017/02/06},
	abstract = {Background: The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior. Variants in the MC4R gene have been related to appetite and obesity.Objective: We aimed to examine whether weight-loss diets modified the effect of the \&quot;obesity-predisposing\&quot; MC4R genotype on appetite-related measures in a randomized controlled trial.Methods: A total of 811 overweight and obese subjects [25 \&lt;/= body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) \&lt;/= 40] aged 30-70 y were included in the 2-y POUNDS Lost (Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies) trial. We genotyped MC4R rs7227255 in 735 overweight adults and assessed appetite-related characteristics, including craving, fullness, hunger, and prospective consumption, as well as a composite appetite score. We examined the effects of the genotype-by-weight-loss diet intervention interaction on appetite variables by using general linear models in both the whole population and in white participants only.Results: We found that dietary protein intake (low compared with high: 15\% of energy compared with 25\% of energy, respectively) significantly modified MC4R genetic effects on changes in appetite score and craving (P-interaction = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively) at 2 y, after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, baseline BMI, weight change, and baseline perspective phenotype. The obesity-predisposing A allele was associated with a greater increase in overall appetite score (beta = 0.10, P = 0.05) and craving (beta = 0.13, P = 0.008) compared with the non-A allele among participants who consumed a high-protein diet. MC4R genotype did not modify the effects of fat or carbohydrate intakes on appetite measures. Similar interaction patterns were observed in whites.Conclusion: Our data suggest that individuals with the MC4R rs7227255 A allele rather than the non-A allele might experience greater increases in appetite and food craving when consuming a high-protein weight-loss diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.},
	keywords = {*Genotype, Adult, Aged, Appetite/drug effects/*genetics, Craving/*drug effects, Dietary Proteins/administration \& dosage/*pharmacology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, obesity, Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics/*metabolism},
	isbn = {1541-6100 (Electronic)0022-3166 (Linking)},
	author = {Huang, T. and Zheng, Y. and Hruby, A. and Williamson, D. A. and Bray, G. A. and Y. Shen and Sacks, F. M. and Qi, L.}
}
