@article {19886,
	title = {PCSK9 variant, long-chain n-3 PUFAs, and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction in Costa Rican Hispanics},
	journal = {Am J Clin NutrAm J Clin NutrAm J Clin Nutr},
	volume = {105},
	number = {5},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Yu, ZhiHuang, TaoZheng, YanWang, TiangeHeianza, YorikoSun, DianjianyiCampos, HanniaQi, LuAm J Clin Nutr. 2017 May;105(5):1198-1203. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.148106. Epub 2017 Mar 22.},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1198-1203},
	type = {Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov\&$\#$039;tResearch Support, N.I.H., Extramural},
	edition = {2017/03/24},
	abstract = {Background: Previous studies have indicated that the cardioprotective effects of long-chain (LC) n-3 (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may vary across various ethnic populations. Emerging evidence has suggested that the gene-environment interaction may partly explain such variations. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was shown to have a mutually regulating relation with LC n-3 PUFAs and also to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, we hypothesized that certain PCSK9 genetic variants may modify the association between LC n-3 PUFA intake and CVD risk.Objective: We determined whether a PCSK9 variant (rs11206510), which has been identified for early onset myocardial infarction (MI), modified the association of LC n-3 PUFAs with nonfatal MI risk in Costa Rican Hispanics.Design: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1932 case subjects with a first nonfatal MI and 2055 population-based control subjects who were living in Costa Rica to examine potential gene-environment interactions. Two-sided P values \&lt;0.05 were considered significant.Results: We observed a significant interaction between the PCSK9 rs11206510 genotype and LC n-3 PUFA intake on nonfatal MI risk (P-interaction = 0.012). The OR of nonfatal MI was 0.84 (95\% CI: 0.72, 0.98) per 0.1\% increase in total energy intake from LC n-3 PUFAs in protective-allele (C-allele) carriers, whereas the corresponding OR (95\% CI) in non-C-allele carriers was 1.02 (95\% CI: 0.95, 1.10). Similar results were observed when we examined the association between docosahexaenoic acid, which is one type of LC n-3 PUFA, and nonfatal MI risk (P-interaction = 0.003).Conclusion: LC n-3 PUFA intake is associated with a lower risk of nonfatal MI in C-allele carriers of PCSK9 rs11206510 (n = 799) but not in non-C-allele carriers (n = 3188).},
	keywords = {*Diet, *Gene-Environment Interaction, *Genotype, *Myocardial Infarction/etiology/genetics/prevention \& control, Aged, Alleles, Costa Rica, Cross-Sectional Studies, Docosahexaenoic Acids/therapeutic use, Energy Intake, Epigenesis, Genetic, Fatty Acids, Omega-3/*therapeutic use, Feeding Behavior, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Hispanic Americans/*genetics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Proprotein Convertase 9/*genetics},
	isbn = {1938-3207 (Electronic)0002-9165 (Linking)},
	author = {Yu, Z. and Huang, T. and Zheng, Y. and T. Wang and Heianza, Y. and Sun, D. and Campos, H. and Qi, L.}
}
