@article {19867,
	title = {Childhood BMI and Adult Type 2 Diabetes, Coronary Artery Diseases, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiometabolic Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis},
	journal = {Diabetes CareDiabetes CareDiabetes Care},
	volume = {41},
	number = {5},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Geng, TingtingSmith, Caren ELi, ChangweiHuang, TaoDiabetes Care. 2018 May;41(5):1089-1096. doi: 10.2337/dc17-2141. Epub 2018 Feb 26.},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1089-1096},
	edition = {2018/02/28},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To test the causal effect of childhood BMI on adult cardiometabolic diseases using a Mendelian randomization analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables for childhood BMI to test the causal effect of childhood BMI on cardiometabolic diseases using summary-level data from consortia. RESULTS: We found that a 1-SD increase in childhood BMI (kg/m(2)) was associated with an 83\% increase in risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.83 [95\% CI 1.46, 2.30]; P = 2.5 x 10(-7)) and a 28\% increase in risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR 1.28 [95\% CI 1.17, 1.39]; P = 2.1 x 10(-8)) at the Bonferroni-adjusted level of significance (P \&lt; 0.017) in adults. In addition, a 1-SD increase in childhood BMI was associated with a 0.587-SD increase in adulthood BMI (kg/m(2)), a 0.062-SD increase in hip circumference (cm), a 0.602-SD increase in waist circumference (cm), a 0.111 pmol/L increase in log fasting insulin, a 0.068 increase in log-transformed HOMA of ss-cell function (\%), a 0.126 increase in log-transformed HOMA of insulin resistance (\%), and a 0.109-SD increase in triglyceride (mg/dL) but a 0.138-SD decrease in HDL (mg/dL) in adults at the Bonferroni-adjusted level of significance (P \&lt; 0.0026). CONCLUSIONS: A genetic predisposition to higher childhood BMI was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and CAD in adult life. These results provide evidence supportive of a causal association between childhood BMI and these outcomes.},
	keywords = {*Body Mass Index, *Insulin Resistance/genetics, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Child Development/*physiology, Child, Preschool, Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology/genetics, Diabetes Complications/*epidemiology/*genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology/*genetics/metabolism, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology/genetics},
	isbn = {1935-5548 (Electronic)0149-5992 (Linking)},
	author = {Geng, T. and Smith, C. E. and C. Li and Huang, T.}
}
