<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, G. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, R. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gomez, M. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, L. X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, M. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hu, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Lin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guo, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meng, J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hu, T. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ren, Y. Q.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Y. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gao, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cao, J. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An, Z. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhou, W. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, G. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J.Y. Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tian, P. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marrero-Ortiz, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Secrest, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Du, Z. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shang, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">L.M. Zeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, W. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhu, Y. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Y. X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hu, J. X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pan, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cai, L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cheng, Y. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ji, Y. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">F. Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosenfeld, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liss, P. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duce, R. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kolb, C. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molina, M. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P Natl Acad Sci USA</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P Natl Acad Sci USAP Natl Acad Sci USA</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ammonium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dust</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heterogeneous reactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">human health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ionization mass-spectrometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">liquid sulfuric-acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organic aerosol formation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oxidation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radicals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">severe haze</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sulfate aerosol</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov 29</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13630-13635</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0027-8424</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulfate aerosols exert profound impacts on human and ecosystem health, weather, and climate, but their formation mechanism remains uncertain. Atmospheric models consistently underpredict sulfate levels under diverse environmental conditions. From atmospheric measurements in two Chinese megacities and complementary laboratory experiments, we show that the aqueous oxidation of SO2 by NO2 is key to efficient sulfate formation but is only feasible under two atmospheric conditions: on fine aerosols with high relative humidity and NH3 neutralization or under cloud conditions. Under polluted environments, this SO2 oxidation process leads to large sulfate production rates and promotes formation of nitrate and organic matter on aqueous particles, exacerbating severe haze development. Effective haze mitigation is achievable by intervening in the sulfate formation process with enforced NH3 and NO2 control measures. In addition to explaining the polluted episodes currently occurring in China and during the 1952 London Fog, this sulfate production mechanism is widespread, and our results suggest a way to tackle this growing problem in China and much of the developing world.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000388835700047</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ed4qrTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:64</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Loess &amp; Quaternary Geol, Inst Earth Environm, Xian 710061, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Aerosol Chem &amp; Phys, Inst Earth Environm, Xian 710061, Peoples R ChinaTexas A&amp;M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USATexas A&amp;M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77840 USAEast China Normal Univ, Sch Geog Sci, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R ChinaPeking Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat &amp; Pollut Con, Coll Environm Sci &amp; Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R ChinaFlorida Int Univ, Dept Chem &amp; Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USAShandong Univ, Sch Environm Sci &amp; Engn, Jinan 250100, Peoples R ChinaUniv Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R ChinaChinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing 100000, Peoples R ChinaBeijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R ChinaXi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian 710049, Peoples R ChinaLanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Semiarid Climate Change, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, State Key Lab Struct Chem Unstable &amp; Stable Speci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R ChinaCALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAOcean Univ China, Minist Educ, Key Lab Marine Environm Sci &amp; Ecol, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R ChinaWuhan Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R ChinaGuangdong Univ Technol, Sch Environm Sci &amp; Engn, Inst Environm Hlth &amp; Pollut Control, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R ChinaHebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Program Atmospher Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, IsraelUniv East Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, EnglandAerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Chem &amp; Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USAChinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Reg Atmospher Environm, Inst Urban Environm, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>