<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liggio, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Shao-Meng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Staebler, Ralf M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayden, Katherine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Darlington, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mittermeier, Richard L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Brien, Jason</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McLaren, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wolde, Mengistu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Worthy, Doug</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vogel, Felix</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Measured Canadian oil sands CO2 emissions are higher than estimates made using internationally recommended methods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURE COMMUNICATIONS</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APR 23</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The oil and gas (O&amp;amp;G) sector represents a large source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. However, estimates of O&amp;amp;G emissions rely upon bottom-up approaches, and are rarely evaluated through atmospheric measurements. Here, we use aircraft measurements over the Canadian oil sands (OS) to derive the first top-down, measurement-based determination of the their annual CO2 emissions and intensities. The results indicate that CO2 emission intensities for OS facilities are 13-123% larger than those estimated using publically available data. This leads to 64% higher annual GHG emissions from surface mining operations, and 30% higher overall OS GHG emissions (17 Mt) compared to that reported by industry, despite emissions reporting which uses the most up to date and recommended bottom-up approaches. Given the similarity in bottom-up reporting methods across the entire O&amp;amp;G sector, these results suggest that O&amp;amp;G CO2 emissions inventory data may be more uncertain than previously considered.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>