@article { ISI:000465200900006,
	title = {Measured Canadian oil sands CO2 emissions are higher than estimates made using internationally recommended methods},
	journal = {NATURE COMMUNICATIONS},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	month = {APR 23},
	abstract = {The oil and gas (O\&amp;G) sector represents a large source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. However, estimates of O\&amp;G emissions rely upon bottom-up approaches, and are rarely evaluated through atmospheric measurements. Here, we use aircraft measurements over the Canadian oil sands (OS) to derive the first top-down, measurement-based determination of the their annual CO2 emissions and intensities. The results indicate that CO2 emission intensities for OS facilities are 13-123\% larger than those estimated using publically available data. This leads to 64\% higher annual GHG emissions from surface mining operations, and 30\% higher overall OS GHG emissions (17 Mt) compared to that reported by industry, despite emissions reporting which uses the most up to date and recommended bottom-up approaches. Given the similarity in bottom-up reporting methods across the entire O\&amp;G sector, these results suggest that O\&amp;G CO2 emissions inventory data may be more uncertain than previously considered.},
	issn = {2041-1723},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-09714-9},
	author = {Liggio, John and Li, Shao-Meng and Staebler, Ralf M. and Hayden, Katherine and Darlington, Andrea and Mittermeier, Richard L. and O{\textquoteright}Brien, Jason and McLaren, Robert and Wolde, Mengistu and Worthy, Doug and Vogel, Felix}
}
