@article { ISI:000307140100017,
	title = {Measured and modeled variation in pollutant concentration near roadways},
	journal = {ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2012},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {138-145},
	abstract = {This paper presents a study of the evolution of particles and gases downwind of a highway, with a focus on the diurnal variation of pollutant gradients and its controlling variables. A mobile laboratory was used to measure the concentration gradients of ultra-fine particles (UFP), black carbon (BC), CO2, NO, and NO2 at varying distances up to 850 m from a major highway. The horizontal distributions of pollutants show a strong diurnal pattern. Results suggest that the horizontal gradients are predominantly influenced by traffic levels, friction velocity, and atmospheric stability. The results were compared to a dispersion model, which showed good agreement with the measurements and was able to qualitatively capture the observed diurnal cycles. Emission rates [g km(-1)] calculated from the model fits are within 10\% of the Mobile 6.2C inventory for CO2 and demonstrate good agreement for NOx, but are higher than the inventory by a factor between 2.0 and 5.9 for black carbon. Hourly NOx emission rates correlate with the fraction of heavy-duty vehicles in the total fleet and agree with inventory values based on maximum vehicle emission rates. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1352-2310},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.022},
	author = {Gordon, Mark and Staebler, Ralf M. and Liggio, John and Li, Shao-Meng and Wentzell, Jeremy and Lu, Gang and Lee, Patrick and Brook, Jeffrey R.}
}
