科研成果 by Year: 2021

The phase states of primarily emitted and secondarily formed aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhausts were investigated by quantifying the particle rebound fraction (f). The rebound behaviors of gasoline vehicle emission-related aerosols varied with engines, fuel types, and photochemical aging time, showing distinguished differences from biogenic secondary organic aerosols. The nonliquid-to-liquid phase transition of primary aerosols emitted from port fuel injection (PFI) and gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles started at a relative humidity (RH) = 50 and 60%, and liquefaction was accomplished at 60 and 70%, respectively. The RH at which f declined to 0.5 decreased from 70 to 65% for the PFI case with 92# fuel, corresponding to the photochemical aging time from 0.37 to 4.62 days. For the GDI case, such RH enhanced from 60 to 65%. Our results can be used to imply the phase state of traffic-related aerosols and further understand their roles in urban atmospheric chemistry. Taking Beijing, China, as an example, traffic-related aerosols were mainly nonliquid during winter with the majority ambient RH below 50%, whereas they were mostly liquid during the morning rush hour of summer, and traffic-related secondary aerosols fluctuated between nonliquid and liquid during the daytime and tended to be liquid at night with increased ambient RH. © 2020 American Chemical Society.

The geography patterns and generation mechanisms of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in groundwater, especially in saline groundwater, are critical but rarely studied. Herein, we investigated the GHGs distribution in an aquifer, located upstream of Baiyangdian Lake, China, with a distinctive salinity gradient. A total of 132 groundwater samples were collected from 44 new-constructed wells along the lateral dimensions, and analyzed for dissolved GHGs concentrations, physiochemical parameters, and isotopes. The results showed that the dissolved CO2, CH4 and N2O concentrations ranged from 9.47 to 79.3 mg/L, 1.05-56.9 mu g/L, and 0.84-7.03 mu g/L, respectively. The groundwater was supersaturated with GHGs with respect to atmospheric equilibrium, suggesting groundwater discharge as a potential source of GHGs emission. CO2 significantly decreased while CH4 and N2O distinctively increased with the decline of total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, illustrating an obvious spatial pattern in the GHGs distribution. The CO2 distributions mainly depended on the bicarbonate radical and TDS, indicating carbonate equilibrium as the main process involving in the CO2 generation. CH4 and N2O was primarily generated through the methanogenesis and denitrification processes, respectively. Nutrients including SO42- and total organic carbon predominately shaped the CH4 distributions, while nitrate mainly governed the N2O dis-tributions. Our study highlights the important roles of hydrochemistry and nutrients in the GHGs generation and distributions, which provides a significant insight on managing the GHGs emissions from the saline groundwater.

Underwater wireless optical communication has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages of high bandwidth and low delay. Seawater environment contains different substances, which will affect the received intensity and time delay of communication. This paper proposes an adaptive Monte-Carlo method to analyze the impact of zooplankton on the received intensity, receiving time, spatial distribution of energy, transmission distance and misalignment. According to the simulation results, when seawater contains more zooplankton, the received intensity is weaker, the receiving time is longer, and the energy is more dispersed.