Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology based on the coupling of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction has shown great potential in the energy-integration field. In recent years, the emerging of textile triboelectric nanogenerators (t-TENGs) has enabled the rapid development of wearable energy-integration technologies. The efficient mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing capabilities of TENGs and the advantages of textiles can be combined to create t-TENGs for the construction of smart fabrics. Herein, a comprehensive review of t-TENGs is presented. This review begins from the working mechanism of conventional TENGs, after which the construction of triboelectric layers with fibers, yarns, and fabrics is discussed. Then, the different working modes of t-TENGs derived from TENGs, the critical features of t-TENGs and power management strategies are discussed. Finally, this review ends with a description of the recent progress in typical wearable applications based on t-TENGs. The light weight, low cost, flexibility, stretchability, washability, diverse material options, and excellent electrical performance of t-TENGs will make this technology a great choice for smart energy-integrated wearable devices in the future.
Physical activity is universally acknowledged for its benefits to mental health; however, the specific intensities and timings that best benefit adolescents’ mental health, crucial due to their significant influence on daily schedules, have not been thoroughly investigated. This study addresses the substantive research gap by exploring the varied effects of physical activity intensity (light versus moderate to vigorous) and timing (weekdays versus weekends and holidays) on adolescent mental health. Utilizing a large-scale longitudinal dataset (NT1 = 84,054; NT2 = 44,623) from 158 schools, this research describes the current state of adolescent physical activity and investigates the effects of physical activity on mental health outcomes, including positive (i.e., life satisfaction, positive mental health) and negative indicators (depression, anxiety), over a 6-month period. Participants were adolescents aged 9–19 years (mean age = 12.73 ± 2.43 years, 48.9% female), with the analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results showed that as adolescents grow older, their engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during both weekdays and weekends/holidays tends to decrease, while light physical activity during weekdays increases. Multilevel regression analysis indicated that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during weekends/holidays at Time 1 positively correlated with better mental health outcomes at Time 2 (six months later), featuring enhanced positive indicators and reduced negative ones. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays at Time 1 was positively linked to mental health at Time 2. Light physical activity during weekends/holidays at Time 1 positively predicted life satisfaction and positive mental health at Time 2. In contrast, light physical activity on weekdays at Time 1 negatively correlated with life satisfaction at Time 2. The study underscores the importance of promoting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, particularly on weekends and holidays, to improve mental health outcomes among adolescents.