The degradation characteristics of four phthalic acid esters (PAEs), i.e. di-methyl phthalate (DMP), di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) in the soil augmented with acclimated sludge was investigated in order to assess the efficacy of bioaugmentation as a strategy for remediating PAEs-contaminated soil and correlate the degradation rate of PAEs with their alkyl chain length. The results demonstrated that PAEs with shorter alkyl chain, that is, DMP and DEP could be degraded more quickly than DBP and DOP. The degradation of four PAEs in the soil conformed to a first-order reaction kinetic equation. The half-lives of PAEs degradation decreased significantly with increasing carbon number of the alcohol moiety. Half-lives decreased from 2.29 days for DMP to 28.4 days for DOP when the carbon number of alkyl chain increased from one for DMP to eight for DOP. The degradation rate of PAEs and the corresponding half-lives could correlate with the alkyl chain length and their octanol-water partition coefficients (K,,) quite well for the four PAEs tested in this study. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
<正> 《建立 CEO 资本》是国际知名的公关公司博雅公司(Burson-Marsteller)的一项研究的名称。这项研究从1997年开始,不断通过对有影响力的商业人士的调查,关注 CEO 及其领导的企业的声誉。最新一次的调查显示,CEO 的表现和企业声誉之间的直接关联度有上升的趋势:1997年,商业人士认为一家公司的声誉有40名依靠其 CEO 的个人声望;这一比例在1999年为45%,2001年升至48%,到2003年更达到50%。在泡沫经济破裂和"后安然"的时代里,我们见证了太多CEO 的命运沉浮,但 CEO 表现的好坏决定了企业一半的声誉。博雅的全球 CEO 科米萨耶夫斯基(Komisajerevsky)说:"在充满不确定因素的经济环境中,我们的研究发现,CEO 的声誉比以往更