<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peng, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Min* Hu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guo, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Du, Z. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shang, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zamora, M. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">L.M. Zeng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shao, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y.S. Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zheng, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glen, C. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Collins, D. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MJ* Molina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rengyi* Zhang</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markedly enhanced absorption and direct radiative forcing of black carbon under polluted urban environments</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P Natl Acad Sci USA</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P Natl Acad Sci USAP Natl Acad Sci USA</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">absorption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">air quality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">amplification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">black carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">consistency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">impacts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">light-absorption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixing state</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oh-initiated oxidation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">particles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radiative forcing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">radicals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soot aerosols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">toluene</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr 19</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4266-4271</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0027-8424</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Black carbon (BC) exerts profound impacts on air quality and climate because of its high absorption cross-section over a broad range of electromagnetic spectra, but the current results on absorption enhancement of BC particles during atmospheric aging remain conflicting. Here, we quantified the aging and variation in the optical properties of BC particles under ambient conditions in Beijing, China, and Houston, United States, using a novel environmental chamber approach. BC aging exhibits two distinct stages, i.e., initial transformation from a fractal to spherical morphology with little absorption variation and subsequent growth of fully compact particles with a large absorption enhancement. The timescales to achieve complete morphology modification and an absorption amplification factor of 2.4 for BC particles are estimated to be 2.3 h and 4.6 h, respectively, in Beijing, compared with 9 h and 18 h, respectively, in Houston. Our findings indicate that BC under polluted urban environments could play an essential role in pollution development and contribute importantly to large positive radiative forcing. The variation in direct radiative forcing is dependent on the rate and timescale of BC aging, with a clear distinction between urban cities in developed and developing countries, i.e., a higher climatic impact inmore polluted environments. We suggest that mediation in BC emissions achieves a cobenefit in simultaneously controlling air pollution and protecting climate, especially for developing countries.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000374393800030</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Dj7lvTimes Cited:36Cited References Count:42&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peking Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat &amp;amp; Pollut Con, Coll Environm Sci &amp;amp; Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R ChinaTexas A&amp;amp;M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USACALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USAUniv Calif San Diego, Dept Chem &amp;amp; Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USANanjing Univ Informat Sci &amp;amp; Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher Environm Monitoring &amp;amp; P, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaSandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>