<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Y. Chen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ZJ Wu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shang, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bian, Y. X.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Du, Z. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmitt, S. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Su, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gkatzelis, G. I.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlag, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hohaus, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Voliotis, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lu, K. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zen, L. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, C. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alfarra, M. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McFiggans, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wiedensohler, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kiendler-Scharr, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, Y. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hu, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mutual promotion between aerosol particle liquid water and particulate nitrate enhancement leads to severe nitrate-dominated particulate matter pollution and low visibility</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmos Chem Phys</style></alt-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atmos Chem PhysAtmos Chem Phys</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chemical-composition</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">haze pollution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heterogeneous hydrolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">high-resolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hygroscopic growth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mass-spectrometer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">seasonal-variations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">size distribution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">submicron aerosols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">urban atmosphere</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb 26</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2161-2175</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1680-7316</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As has been the case in North America and western Europe, the SO2 emissions have substantially reduced in the North China Plain (NCP) in recent years. Differential rates of reduction in SO2 and NOx concentrations result in the frequent occurrence of particulate matter pollution dominated by nitrate (pNO(3)(-)) over the NCR. In this study, we observed a polluted episode with the particulate nitrate mass fraction in nonrefractory PM1 (NR-PM1) being up to 44 % during wintertime in Beijing. Based on this typical pNO(3)(-)-dominated haze event, the linkage between aerosol water uptake and pNO(3)(-) enhancement, further impacting on visibility degradation, has been investigated based on field observations and theoretical calculations. During haze development, as ambient relative humidity (RH) increased from similar to 10 % to 70 %, the aerosol particle liquid water increased from similar to 1 mu g m(-3) at the beginning to similar to 75 mu g m(-3) in the fully developed haze period. The aerosol liquid water further increased the aerosol surface area and volume, enhancing the condensational loss of N2O5 over particles. From the beginning to the fully developed haze, the condensational loss of N2O5 increased by a factor of 20 when only considering aerosol surface area and volume of dry particles, while increasing by a factor of 25 when considering extra surface area and volume due to water uptake. Furthermore, aerosol liquid water favored the thermodynamic equilibrium of HNO3 in the particle phase under the supersaturated HNO3 and NH3 in the atmosphere. All the above results demonstrated that pNO(3)(-) is enhanced by aerosol water uptake with elevated ambient RH during haze development, in turn facilitating the aerosol take-up of water due to the hygroscopicity of particulate nitrate salt. Such mutual promotion between aerosol particle liquid water and particulate nitrate enhancement can rapidly degrade air quality and halve visibility within 1 d. Reduction of nitrogen-containing gaseous precursors, e.g., by control of traffic emissions, is essential in mitigating severe haze events in the NCP.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000518134300005</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Ks2itTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:85&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci &amp;amp;amp; Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat &amp;amp;amp; Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R ChinaUniv Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth &amp;amp;amp; Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, EnglandUniv Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, EnglandInt Joint Lab Reg Pollut Control, D-52425 Julich, GermanyInt Joint Lab Reg Pollut Control, Beijing 100871, Peoples R ChinaNanjing Univ Informat Sci &amp;amp;amp; Technol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Atmospher Environm &amp;amp;amp; Equip, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R ChinaChinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R ChinaForschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy &amp;amp;amp; Climate Res IEK Troposphere 8, D-52425 Julich, GermanyPeking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher &amp;amp;amp; Ocean Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R ChinaUniv Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth &amp;amp;amp; Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, EnglandLeibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, GermanyNankai Univ, Coll Environm Sci &amp;amp;amp; Engn, Ctr Urban Transport Emiss Res, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R ChinaNankai Univ, Coll Environm Sci &amp;amp;amp; Engn, State Environm Protect Key Lab Urban Ambient Air, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R ChinaTSI GmbH, D-52068 Aachen, GermanyGuangdong Sci &amp;amp;amp; Technol Monitoring &amp;amp;amp; Res Ctr, Guangzhou 510033, Peoples R ChinaNOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USACooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USAShimadzu Deutschland GmbH, D-47269 Duisburg, Germany</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>