@article { ISI:000413882400008,
	title = {Direct emission of nitrous acid (HONO) from gasoline cars in China determined by vehicle chassis dynamometer experiments},
	journal = {ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT},
	volume = {169},
	year = {2017},
	month = {NOV},
	pages = {89-96},
	publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
	type = {Article},
	address = {THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND},
	abstract = {HONO plays a key role in atmospheric chemistry, and while its importance is well-known, the sources of HONO are still not completely understood. As a component of ambient HONO sources, direct emission from vehicles is an area that should be extensively studied. In this study, we determined the HONO emission index for typical gasoline vehicles in the car population of China through a chassis dynamometer with different types of engines (PFI/GDI), starting conditions (cold/warm) and running styles (Beijing cycle). Emission ratios of HONO to nitrogen oxide (NOx) for the Chinese gasoline cars are determined to be in the range of (0.03-0.42) \% and an averaged value is about 0.18\%, which are comparable to those reported in the few studies available in Europe, the United States and Japan for gasoline cars while smaller for those of the diesel cars. The atmospheric impact of the direct HONO emission from gasoline cars was analyzed for a typical urban site in Beijing, significant contributions of the direct emission toward the HONO budget were found during morning rush hours or twilight conditions to be 8-12\%. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {Beijing cycle, Gasoline car, GDI, Long Path Absorption Photometer, Nitrous acid emission index, PFI},
	issn = {1352-2310},
	doi = {10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.07.019},
	author = {Yuhan Liu and Lu, Keding and Ma, Yufang and Yang, Xinping and Zhang, Wenbin and Yusheng Wu and Peng, JianFei and Shuai, Shijin and Min Hu and Yuanhang Zhang}
}
