<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruihan Guo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qixin Feng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ke Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gi-Hyeok Lee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moniruzzaman Jamal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Xiao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karen C. Bustillo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiawei Wan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duncan S. Ritchie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linbo Shan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuhang Cai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Jiachen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jack Shen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dong, Kaichen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ru HUANG</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cai, Yimao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feng Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miquel Salmeron</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haimei Zheng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matthew Sherburne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mary Scott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanli Yang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark Asta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tang, Kechao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, Junqiao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Memsensing by surface ion migration within Debye length</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nature Materials</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02312-9</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integration between electronics and biology is often facilitated by iontronics, where ion migration in aqueous media governs sensing and memory. However, the Debye screening effect limits electric fields to the Debye length, the distance over which mobile ions screen electrostatic interactions, necessitating external voltages that constrain the operation speed and device design. Here we report a high-speed in-memory sensor based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) that operates without an external voltage by leveraging built-in electric fields within the Debye length. When VO2&amp;nbsp;contacts a low-work-function metal (for example, indium) in a salt solution, electrochemical reactions generate indium ions that migrate into the VO2&amp;nbsp;surface under the native electric field, inducing a surface insulator-to-metal phase transition of VO2. The VO2&amp;nbsp;conductance increase rate reflects the salt concentration, enabling in-memory sensing, or memsensing of the solution. The memsensor mimics&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Caenorhabditis elegans&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;chemosensory plasticity to guide a miniature boat for adaptive chemotaxis, illustrating low-power aquatic neurorobotics with fewer memory units.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>