@article {39106,
	title = {Memsensing by surface ion migration within Debye length},
	journal = {Nature Materials},
	year = {2025},
	abstract = {Integration between electronics and biology is often facilitated by iontronics, where ion migration in aqueous media governs sensing and memory. However, the Debye screening effect limits electric fields to the Debye length, the distance over which mobile ions screen electrostatic interactions, necessitating external voltages that constrain the operation speed and device design. Here we report a high-speed in-memory sensor based on vanadium dioxide (VO2) that operates without an external voltage by leveraging built-in electric fields within the Debye length. When VO2\&nbsp;contacts a low-work-function metal (for example, indium) in a salt solution, electrochemical reactions generate indium ions that migrate into the VO2\&nbsp;surface under the native electric field, inducing a surface insulator-to-metal phase transition of VO2. The VO2\&nbsp;conductance increase rate reflects the salt concentration, enabling in-memory sensing, or memsensing of the solution. The memsensor mimics\&nbsp;Caenorhabditis elegans\&nbsp;chemosensory plasticity to guide a miniature boat for adaptive chemotaxis, illustrating low-power aquatic neurorobotics with fewer memory units.},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02312-9},
	author = {Ruihan Guo and Qixin Feng and Ke Ma and Gi-Hyeok Lee and Moniruzzaman Jamal and Zhao, Xiao and Karen C. Bustillo and Jiawei Wan and Duncan S. Ritchie and Linbo Shan and Yuhang Cai and Li, Jiachen and Jack Shen and Dong, Kaichen and Ru HUANG and Cai, Yimao and Feng Wang and Miquel Salmeron and Haimei Zheng and Matthew Sherburne and Mary Scott and Wanli Yang and Mark Asta and Tang, Kechao and Wu, Junqiao}
}
