@article {18184,
	title = {Comparisons of ultrafine and fine particles in their associations with biomarkers reflecting physiological pathways},
	journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology},
	volume = {48},
	number = {9},
	year = {2014},
	note = {Gong, JichengZhu, TongKipen, HowardWang, GuangfaHu, MinGuo, QingfengOhman-Strickland, PamelaLu, Shou-EnWang, YuedanZhu, PingRich, David QHuang, WeiZhang, JunfengengP30 ES007048/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/1R01 ES0158640/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/P30 ES005022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/P30 ES05022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/5P30ES007048/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/Comparative StudyResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}tEnviron Sci Technol. 2014 May 6;48(9):5264-73. doi: 10.1021/es5006016. Epub 2014 Apr 11.},
	month = {May 6},
	pages = {5264-73},
	edition = {2014/03/29},
	abstract = {Using a quasi-experimental opportunity offered by greatly restricted air pollution emissions during the Beijing Olympics compared to before and after the Olympics, we conducted the current study to compare ultrafine particles (UFPs) and fine particles (PM2.5) in their associations with biomarkers reflecting multiple pathophysiological pathways linking exposure and cardiorespiratory events. Number concentrations of particles (13.0-764.7 nm) and mass concentrations of PM2.5 were measured at two locations within 9 km from the residence and workplace of 125 participating Beijing residents. Each participant was measured 6 times for biomarkers of autonomic function (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures), hemostasis (von Willebrand factor, soluble CD40 ligand, and P-selectin), pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress (exhaled nitric oxide and exhaled breath condensate pH, malondialdehyde, and nitrite), and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (urinary malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2{\textquoteright}-deoxyguanosine, plasma fibrinogen, and white blood cells). Linear mixed models were used to estimate associations of biomarkers with UFPs and PM2.5 measured 1-7 days prior to biomarker measurements (lags). We found that the correlation coefficient for UFPs at two locations ( approximately 9 km apart) was 0.45, and at the same location, the correlation coefficient for PM2.5 vs UFPs was -0.18. Changes in biomarker levels associated with increases in UFPs and PM2.5 were comparable in magnitude. However, associations of certain biomarkers with UFPs had different lag patterns compared to those with PM2.5, suggesting that the ultrafine size fraction (
},
	keywords = {*Particulate Matter, Adult, Air Pollutants/*toxicity, Biomarkers/metabolism, Blood Pressure/*drug effects, China, Heart Rate/*drug effects, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Oxidative Stress, Particle size, Pneumonia/*chemically induced, Young Adult},
	isbn = {1520-5851 (Electronic)0013-936X (Linking)},
	author = {Gong, J. and T. Zhu and Kipen, H. and Wang, G. and Hu, M. and Guo, Q. and Ohman-Strickland, P. and Lu, S. E. and Y. Wang and Zhu, P. and Rich, D. Q. and Huang, W. and J. Zhang}
}
