@article {40170,
	title = {Effect of persulfate dosage on organic degradation using N-doped biochar: Reaction pathway and environmental implications},
	journal = {Water Environment Research},
	volume = {97},
	year = {2025},
	pages = {e70054},
	abstract = {Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs) catalyzed by carbon-based catalysts are promising for removing organic pollutants via radical/non-radical pathways. However, the activation efficiency of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) or peroxydisulfate (PDS) usage and the reaction mechanism remain insufficiently understood. In this study, the effects of PMS/PDS dosage on the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA, 10\&nbsp;mg/L) were evaluated using N-doped biochar (N-BC, 0.2\&nbsp;g/L) assisted PS-AOPs. The reaction pathways were comprehensively investigated through a combination of characterization techniques and molecular simulations. With low PS dosages (0.05 and 0.1\&nbsp;mM), the degradation rate constants () were higher in N-BC/PDS (0.04 and 0.07 min-1) compared to N-BC/PMS (0.02 and 0.04\&nbsp;min-1), likely due to higher PDS utilization, which enhanced the contribution of the non-radical pathway. Interestingly, with higher PS dosages (0.5 and 1.5\&nbsp;mM), the\&nbsp;\&nbsp;values were 0.16\&nbsp;min-1\&nbsp;and 0.18\&nbsp;min-1\&nbsp;in N-BC/PMS, respectively, significantly exceeding those determined in N-BC/PDS (0.11 and 0.11\&nbsp;min-1). This result stemmed from the greater adsorption capacity of N-BC for PMS compared to PDS, leading to increased formation of\&nbsp;1O2. The contribution of non-radical pathways for both PMS and PDS increased with higher PS dosage. The results highlighted that BPA degradation improved significantly with the increase in PMS dosage; meanwhile, BPA degradation was insensitive to PDS dosage. The optimal PMS dosage for BPA degradation was found to be 1.5\&nbsp;mM and 0.1\&nbsp;mM for PDS. This study offered valuable insights for optimizing PS-AOPs in environmental remediation, helping to guide the selection of appropriate oxidants and dosages for maximizing pollutant removal.},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.libproxy.berkeley.edu/doi/10.1002/wer.70054},
	author = {Shijia Li and Ruonan Duan and Yandi Hu and Jingqi Wu and Tongshuai Wang and Tang, Wei and Li, Zhixiong and Wu Qin and Chen, Jiawei*}
}
