<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiuqin Wang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nathan Congdon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yue Ma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Min Hu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhou, Yuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liao, Weiqi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ling Jin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiao, Baixiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, Xiaoyi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ming Ni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hongmei Yi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Yiwen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varga, Beatrice</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hong Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cun, Yongkang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Li, Xianshun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yang, Luhua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liang, Chaoguang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Wan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott Rozelle</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xiaochen Ma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cluster-randomized controlled trial of the effects of free glasses on purchase of children's glasses in China: The PRICE (Potentiating Rural Investment in Children's Eyecare) study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS One</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acuity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGED CHILDREN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">children</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Children &amp;amp; youth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical trials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clusters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Control methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Divisions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Education</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eye</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eye (anatomy)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eyes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laboratories</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medical screening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PEDIATRIC-REFRACTIVE-ERROR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Randomization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regression analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schools</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SECONDARY-SCHOOL STUDENTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEE-WELL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPECTACLE USE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spectacles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">STUDY X-PRES</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teachers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">United States--US</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vision</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visual acuity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VISUAL IMPAIRMENT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visual impairments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visualization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WESTERN CHINA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAN FRANCISCO</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e0187808</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1932-6203</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Background Offering free glasses can be important to increase children’s wear. We sought to assess whether “Upgrade glasses” could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China. Methods In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)&amp;lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to &amp;gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization. Results Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8% (104/882), and 867 (98.3%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glasses were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56–1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69. Conclusions Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02231606. Registered on 31 August 2014.;Background Offering free glasses can be important to increase children’s wear. We sought to assess whether “Upgrade glasses” could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China. Methods In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)&amp;lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to &amp;gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization. Results Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8% (104/882), and 867 (98.3%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glasses were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56–1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69. Conclusions Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02231606. Registered on 31 August 2014.;Background Offering free glasses can be important to increase children’s wear. We sought to assess whether “Upgrade glasses” could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China. Methods In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)&amp;lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to &amp;gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Co trol); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization. Results Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8% (104/882), and 867 (98.3%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glasses were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56–1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69. Conclusions Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02231606. Registered on 31 August 2014.;Background Offering free glasses can be important to increase children's wear. We sought to assess whether &quot;Upgrade glasses&quot; could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China. Methods In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)&amp;lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to &amp;gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization. Results Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8% (104/882), and 867 (98.3%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glasses were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56-1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69. Conclusions Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income.;Offering free glasses can be important to increase children's wear. We sought to assess whether &quot;Upgrade glasses&quot; could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China.In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)&amp;lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to &amp;gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization.Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8% (104/882), and 867 (98.3%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glass s were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56-1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69.Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02231606. Registered on 31 August 2014.;</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&amp;amp;issn=1932-6203&amp;amp;client=summontrial;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&amp;amp;issn=1932-6203&amp;amp;client=summontrial;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&amp;amp;issn=1932-6203&amp;amp;client=summontrial; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&amp;amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=Cluster-randomized+controlled+trial+of+the+effects+of+free+glasses+on+purchase+of+children%27s+glasses+in+China%3A+The+PRICE+%28Potentiating+Rural+Investment+in+Children%27s+Eyecare%29+study&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&amp;amp;rft.au=Xiuqin+Wang&amp;amp;rft.au=Nathan+Congdon&amp;amp;rft.au=Yue+Ma&amp;amp;rft.au=Min+Hu&amp;amp;rft.pub=Public+Library+of+Science+%28PLoS%29&amp;amp;rft.issn=1932-6203&amp;amp;rft.eissn=1932-6203&amp;amp;rft.volume=12&amp;amp;rft.issue=11&amp;amp;rft.spage=e0187808&amp;amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0187808&amp;amp;rft.externalDBID=DOA&amp;amp;rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_74f404b1f6584e2ba640d4f1aa3541ab&amp;amp;paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article&lt;/p&gt;</style></notes></record></records></xml>