@article {27963,
	title = {Cluster-randomized controlled trial of the effects of free glasses on purchase of children{\textquoteright}s glasses in China: The PRICE (Potentiating Rural Investment in Children{\textquoteright}s Eyecare) study},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	volume = {12},
	number = {11},
	year = {2017},
	note = {http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif\&amp;issn=1932-6203\&amp;client=summontrial;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif\&amp;issn=1932-6203\&amp;client=summontrial;http://www.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif\&amp;issn=1932-6203\&amp;client=summontrial; U6 - ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004\&amp;ctx_enc=info\%3Aofi\%2Fenc\%3AUTF-8\&amp;rfr_id=info\%3Asid\%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com\&amp;rft_val_fmt=info\%3Aofi\%2Ffmt\%3Akev\%3Amtx\%3Ajournal\&amp;rft.genre=article\&amp;rft.atitle=Cluster-randomized+controlled+trial+of+the+effects+of+free+glasses+on+purchase+of+children\%27s+glasses+in+China\%3A+The+PRICE+\%28Potentiating+Rural+Investment+in+Children\%27s+Eyecare\%29+study\&amp;rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE\&amp;rft.au=Xiuqin+Wang\&amp;rft.au=Nathan+Congdon\&amp;rft.au=Yue+Ma\&amp;rft.au=Min+Hu\&amp;rft.pub=Public+Library+of+Science+\%28PLoS\%29\&amp;rft.issn=1932-6203\&amp;rft.eissn=1932-6203\&amp;rft.volume=12\&amp;rft.issue=11\&amp;rft.spage=e0187808\&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1371\%2Fjournal.pone.0187808\&amp;rft.externalDBID=DOA\&amp;rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_74f404b1f6584e2ba640d4f1aa3541ab\&amp;paramdict=en-US U7 - Journal Article},
	pages = {e0187808},
	publisher = {PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE},
	address = {SAN FRANCISCO},
	abstract = {Background Offering free glasses can be important to increase children{\textquoteright}s wear. We sought to assess whether {\textquotedblleft}Upgrade glasses{\textquotedblright} could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China. Methods In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)\&lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to \&gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization. Results Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62\%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5\% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1\%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7\%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2\%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0\%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8\% (104/882), and 867 (98.3\%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glasses were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6\%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7\%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3\%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56{\textendash}1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9\%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69. Conclusions Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02231606. Registered on 31 August 2014.;Background Offering free glasses can be important to increase children{\textquoteright}s wear. We sought to assess whether {\textquotedblleft}Upgrade glasses{\textquotedblright} could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China. Methods In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)\&lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to \&gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization. Results Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62\%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5\% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1\%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7\%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2\%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0\%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8\% (104/882), and 867 (98.3\%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glasses were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6\%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7\%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3\%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56{\textendash}1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9\%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69. Conclusions Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02231606. Registered on 31 August 2014.;Background Offering free glasses can be important to increase children{\textquoteright}s wear. We sought to assess whether {\textquotedblleft}Upgrade glasses{\textquotedblright} could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China. Methods In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)\&lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to \&gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Co trol); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization. Results Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62\%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5\% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1\%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7\%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2\%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0\%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8\% (104/882), and 867 (98.3\%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glasses were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6\%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7\%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3\%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56{\textendash}1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9\%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69. Conclusions Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02231606. Registered on 31 August 2014.;Background Offering free glasses can be important to increase children{\textquoteright}s wear. We sought to assess whether "Upgrade glasses" could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China. Methods In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)\&lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to \&gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization. Results Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62\%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5\% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1\%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7\%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2\%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0\%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8\% (104/882), and 867 (98.3\%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glasses were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6\%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7\%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3\%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56-1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9\%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69. Conclusions Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income.;Offering free glasses can be important to increase children{\textquoteright}s wear. We sought to assess whether "Upgrade glasses" could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China.In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)\&lt; = 6/12 in either eye correctable to \&gt;6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization.Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62\%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5\% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1\%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7\%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2\%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0\%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8\% (104/882), and 867 (98.3\%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glass s were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6\%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7\%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3\%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56-1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9\%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69.Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02231606. Registered on 31 August 2014.;},
	keywords = {Acuity, AGED CHILDREN, children, Children \&amp; youth, Clinical trials, Clusters, Control methods, Divisions, Education, Eye, Eye (anatomy), Eyes, Laboratories, Medical screening, Medicine, MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES, New York, PEDIATRIC-REFRACTIVE-ERROR, Prevalence, Randomization, Regression analysis, Schools, Science, SECONDARY-SCHOOL STUDENTS, SEE-WELL, SPECTACLE USE, Spectacles, Studies, STUDY X-PRES, Teachers, United States--US, Vision, Visual acuity, VISUAL IMPAIRMENT, Visual impairments, Visualization, WESTERN CHINA},
	isbn = {1932-6203},
	author = {Xiuqin Wang and Nathan Congdon and Yue Ma and Min Hu and Zhou, Yuan and Liao, Weiqi and Ling Jin and Xiao, Baixiang and Wu, Xiaoyi and Ming Ni and Hongmei Yi and Huang, Yiwen and Varga, Beatrice and Hong Zhang and Cun, Yongkang and Li, Xianshun and Yang, Luhua and Liang, Chaoguang and Huang, Wan and Scott Rozelle and Xiaochen Ma}
}
