<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SC Guan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, SH</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">YC Zhang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SM Tang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C. Yu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plaid detectors in macaque V1 revealed by two-photon imaging</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.psy.pku.edu.cn/docs/20200417142952888196.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">934-940</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuronal responses to one-dimensional orientations are combined to represent two-dimensional composite patterns, which plays a key role in intermediate-level vision such as texture segmentation. However, where and how the visual cortex starts to represent composite patterns, such as a plaid consisting of two superimposing gratings of different orientations, remains neurophysiologically elusive. Psychophysical and modeling evidence has suggested the existence of early neural mechanisms specialized in plaid detection&amp;nbsp;[1-6], but the responses of V1 neurons to an optimally orientated grating are actually suppressed by a superimposing grating of different orientation (i.e., cross-orientation inhibition)&amp;nbsp;[7, 8]. Would some other V1 neurons be plaid detectors? Here we used two-photon calcium imaging&amp;nbsp;[9]&amp;nbsp;to compare the responses of V1 superficial-layer neurons to gratings and plaids in awake macaques. We found that many non-orientation-tuned neurons responded weakly to gratings, but strongly to plaids, often with plaid orientation selectivity and cross-angle selectivity. In comparison, most (~94%) orientation-tuned neurons showed more or less cross-orientation inhibition, regardless of the relative stimulus contrasts. Only a small portion (~8%) of them showed plaid facilitation at off-peak orientations. These results suggest separate subpopulations of plaid and grating responding neurons. Because most plaid neurons (~95%) were insensitive to motion direction, they were plaid pattern detectors, not plaid motion detectors.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>